HOWARD. 



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He was placed at cardinal Wolsey's college at 

 Oxford, now Christ-church, where he studied polite 

 literature with great success. He then made the 

 tour of Europe ; and, in Florence he signalized his 

 courage and romantic spirit, by publishing, in the 

 style of a knight-errant, a challenge to all comers 

 Christians, Jews, Saracens, Turks, or cannibals in 

 defence of the surpassing beauty of his mistress, the 

 fair Geraldine ; and he was victorious in the tourna- 

 ment instituted by the grand duke on the occasion. 

 In 1540, he distinguished himself at a tournament 

 held before the court at Westminster ; and not long 

 after, he was honoured with the order of the garter. 

 In 1542, he served under his father as lieutenant- 

 general of the army sent against Scotland ; and, in 

 1544, he accompanied the troops with which the king 

 invaded France, and was field-marshal of the army 

 before Boulogne. On the surrender of that place in 

 1546, he was made captain-general and commander 

 of the garrison left for its defence ; but the same 

 year, being defeated by the French in an attempt to 

 intercept a convoy, he was superseded in his com- 

 mand by Seymour, earl of Hertford. On his return 

 to England, conscious of his former services, and 

 smarting under what he conceived to be unmerited 

 disgrace, he dropped some reflections on the king 

 and council, which, being reported to his majesty by 

 the earl's enemies, proved the cause of his ruin. He 

 had quartered in his escutcheon the royal arms of Ed- 

 ward the Confessor, to which he had an hereditary 

 right, and is said to have aspired to the hand of the 

 princess Mary. On these and other charges of a 

 more frivolous nature, he was, together with his 

 father, committed to the Tower, in December, 1546, 

 and, January 13, was tried at Guildhall, before 

 a common jury, by whom he was obsequiously found 

 guilty of high treason, notwithstanding he made an 

 eloquent and skilful defence. Six days after, he 

 suffered the sentence of the law, by decapitation, 

 on Tower Hill. Doctor Heylin, in his Church His- 

 tory, says, " He was beheld, in general, by the 

 English, as the chief ornament of the nation, highly 

 esteemed for his chivalry, his affability, his learning, 

 and whatsoever other graces might either make him 

 amiable in the eyes of the people, or formidable in 

 the sight of a jealous, impotent, and wayward prince." 

 Lord Orford, in speaking of him, observes, " We now 

 emerge from the twilight of learning to an almost 

 classic author, that ornament of a boisterous, but not 

 unpolished court, the earl of Surrey, celebrated by 

 Drayton, Dryden, Fenton, Pope, illustrated by his 

 own muse, and lamented for his unhappy death ; a 

 man, as Sir Walter Raleigh says, no less valiant than 

 learned, and of excellent hopes." His works consist 

 of Songs and Sonnets (in a collection published in 

 London, in 1557, of which there were several 

 reprints in the sixteenth century) ; the second and 

 fourth books of Virgil's ^Eneis, translated into blank 

 verse (London, 1557, 12mo) ; a translation of Eccle- 

 siastes, and some of the Psalms ; Satires on the 

 Citizens of London ; a translation from Boccaccio ; 

 and some smaller pieces. The entire works of Henry 

 Howard, earl of Surrey, and those of Sir Thomas 

 Wyatt, were published, with notes and memoirs, by 

 Doctor Nott (2 vols. 4to, 1816.) 



HOWARD, CHARLES, earl of Nottingham ; a dis- 

 tinguished naval commander in the reign of queen 

 Elizabeth. He was the son of William lord Howard 

 of Effingham, and grandson of the second duke of 

 Norfolk. He was born in 1536, and, while a youth, 

 served in several expeditions under his father, who 

 was lord high admiral. In 1559, he went on an 

 embassy to France, and he subsequently acted as 

 general of the horse, in the army sent against the 

 rebel earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland. 



In 1573, he succeeded to his father's title, and to the 

 office of lord chamberlain, and was made a knight of 

 the garter. But the principal occasion on which this 

 nobleman signalized himself, was in the defeat of the 

 famous Spanish armada, in 1588, when he was com- 

 mander-in -chief of the English fleet. In 1596, he had 

 the command of the naval force sent against Cadiz, 

 while the earl of Ess-ex led the military branch of the 

 expedition. The following year, he was created earl 

 of Nottingham, and also made chief justice in eyre, 

 south of the Trent. His latest public service of 

 importance in Elizabeth's reign was the suppression 

 of the ill-concerted rebellion of the unfortunate earl 

 of Essex, whom he took into custody. James I. 

 continued him in his employments, and availed him- 

 self of his services in an embassy to Spain, and on 

 other occasions. He died in 1624. 



HOWARD, THOMAS, earl of Arundel, an English 

 nobleman, distinguished as a patron of the fine arts, 

 was earl-marshal in the early part of the reign of 

 Charles I., and was employed in several foreign 

 embassies by that prince and his father. In the 

 early part of the reign of Charles I. he sent agents 

 into Greece and Italy, to collect for him, at a vast 

 expense, whatever was curious and valuable of the 

 works of ancient artists, which had escaped destruc- 

 tion. His museum of antiquities was divided at his 

 death. Henry, sixth duke of Norfolk, about the 

 year 1668, presented to the university of Oxford 

 a considerable part, including the celebrated Parian 

 Chronicle, which, with the other ancient inscribed 

 stones accompanying it, have been termed the 

 Arundelian marbles, (q. v.) Lord Arundel died at 

 Padua, in 1646. 



HOWARD, FREDERIC, earl of Carlisle, was the 

 eldest son of Henry the fourth earl, 6y his second 

 wife, Isabella, daughter of William fourth lord 

 Byron. He was born May 28, 1748, and succeeded 

 to the family titles and estates September 3, 1758. 

 At the expiration of his minority, he took his seat in 

 the house of peers, and was afterwards selected as 

 one of the commissioners despatched, in 1778, to 

 America, with a view of healing the breach between 

 the mother country and the colonies. In 1780, he 

 was appointed viceroy of Ireland, which office he 

 retained for a period of two years, when the sudden 

 dissolution of the Rockingham administration recalled 

 him to his native country. From this period, lord 

 Carlisle continued in opposition till the breaking out 

 of the French revolution, when he ranged himself on 

 the side of the ministers. In 1773, he published 

 a quarto volume, containing miscellaneous pieces, 

 original and translated. In 1801, appeared a com- 

 plete edition of the Tragedies and Poems of Frederic 

 earl of Carlisle, K.G., &c. The earl of Carlisle was 

 a liberal patron of the fine arts, and had made a 

 valuable collection of paintings at his seat, Castle 

 Howard, where he died, in his seventy-eighth year, 

 September 4, 1825. 



HOWARD, JOHN, the celebrated philanthropist; 

 was born at Enfield or Hackney, in 1726. His father 

 dying while he was young, he was bound apprentice 

 to a wholesale grocer in the metropolis ; but on the 

 approach of his majority, he purchased the remaining 

 term of his indentures, and indulged his taste by 

 making a tour in France and Italy. Returning 

 home in a state of ill health, he took lodgings at 

 Stoke Newington ; and, on his recovery, he married 

 his landlady, an elderly widow, out of gratitude 

 for her care in nursing him. She died in 1756, 

 about three years after the marriage, and Mr 

 Howard commenced a voyage to Lisbon to view the 

 effects of the recent earthquake. The vessel in 

 which he embarked being captured, he was con- 

 signed to a French prison. The hardships he suffered 



