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HUBERT HUDSON'S BAY. 



ing her husband's life, which were published under 

 his name. She nlso edited, tor some time, the well 

 known Morgenblatt. 



9. FRANCIS HCBER ; a naturalist, born 1750, at 

 Geneva. Having lost his way in a winter night, he 

 was so bUnded with snow and pinched with cold as to 

 be deprived irrecoverably of his sight, which was pre- 

 viously weak, notwithstanding which the lady whom 

 he loved gave him her hand ; and her aid, with that of 

 a young man named Burnens, who was employed in 

 his service as a reader and amanuensis, enabled him 

 to make such great progress in his studies. In 1796 

 appeared, in the form or letters, his Nouvelles Obser- 

 vations sur les Abeilles (second edition, Paris, 1814 ; 

 English, London, 1806), in which he explains the 

 manner of the queen-bee's impregnation, and demon- 

 strates that this act takes place in the air by coition 

 with the drones. In his Mi-moire sur I Influence 

 de VAir et de diverges Substances gazeuses dans la 

 Germination de differentes Plantes, he relates the 

 observations which he made in company with Senne- 

 bier. Huber was also ultimately connected with 

 Charles Bonstetten. His assistant Burnens having 

 become one of the magistrates of his district, Huber 

 instructed his own son in natural science. This son 

 afterwards made some observations on ants, which 

 have been printed under the title Essai sur VHistoire 

 et les Moeurs des Fourmis Indigenes (Paris, 1806, 

 one volume), translated into English (London, 1820). 



HUBERT, ST ; a saint of the Roman Catholic 

 church, the patron of huntsmen. The legend says 

 that he was a son of Bertrand, duke of Guienne, at 

 the court of Pepin d'Heristal, and a keen hunter ; 

 and that being once engaged in the chase, on Good 

 Friday, in the forest of Ardennes, a stag appeared to 

 him, having a shining crucifix between its antlers, 

 and he heard a warning voice. He was converted, 

 entered the church, and became a zealous disciple of 

 bishop Lambert, whom he succeeded as bishop of 

 Maestricht and Liege. He worked many miracles, 

 and is said to have died in 727 or 730. His body 

 was placed in the Benedictine convent of Andain, in 

 the Ardennes, which received the name St Hubert's 

 of Ardennes. It is celebrated for St Hubert's key, 

 given him by St Peter, which cures the hydrophobia, 

 &c. November 3d is the day of the saint, and was 

 formerly celebrated at many courts by a solemn chase. 



HUBERT, ORDER OF ST ; the oldest and highest 

 order of Bavaria, founded in 1444 ; often re-formed 

 the last time in 1808. It consists of one class of 

 twelve members, who must be natives, and of an- 

 cient noble families. 



HUBERTSBERG, a Saxon hunting seat in the 

 circle of Leipsic, formerly very splendid, was de- 

 stroyed in the seven years' war, and is now used as 

 a corn magazine. In this castle, the peace of Hu- 

 bertsberg, which put an end to the seven years' 

 war, was signed between Prussia, Austria, and 

 Saxony, February 15, 1763. Peace had been con- 

 cluded, at Paris, between Great Britain, France, 

 Spain, and Portugal, February 10, 1763. The peace 

 of Hubertsberg placed .the Prussian monarchy among 

 the first powers in Europe. The empress queen 

 Maria Theresa renounced all claims to the provinces 

 of Silesia and Glatz, which had been ceded to Prus- 

 sia by the peace of Breslau and Berlin, in 1742. 

 Frederic II. restored to the elector of Saxony, who 

 was king of Poland, his electorate. The peace of 

 Dresden (1745) was confirmed, and the German 

 empire was expressly included in the treaty of Hu- 

 bertsberg. 



HUBNER, JOHN; a German scholar who rendered 

 important services in geography. He was born in 

 1668, in Tyrgau, taught history and geography at 

 the university of Leipsic, became rector of a gym- 



nasium at Hamburg, and died 1731. His Sl.crt 

 Questions from Ancient and Modern Geography 

 went through thirty-six editions during his life, and 

 was translated into several languages. He invented 

 the plan of colouring maps methodically. He pub- 

 lished many works, among others Das Reale Staats-, 

 Zeitungs- und Conversations-lexicon. His son revised, 

 continued, and edited anew several of his works, for 

 instance, the Museum geographicum an enumera- 

 tion of the best maps (Hamb. 1746). 



HUDDERSFIELD,a town in the West Riding of 

 Yorkshire, situated on the banks of the river Colne, 

 16 miles west of Leeds, and 189 north-west of Lon- 

 don. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the 

 manufacture of woollens. By the reform bill, Hud- 

 dersfield was erected into a borough, and returns one 

 member to parliament. Population in 1831, 19,095. 



HUDSON, HENRY. This distinguished English 

 naval discoverer sailed from London in the year 1607, 

 in a small vessel, for the purpose of discovering 

 a north-east passage to China and Japan, with a 

 crew of only ten men and a boy besides himself, and, 

 proceeding beyond the 80th degree of latitude, 

 returned to England in September. In a second 

 voyage, the next year, he landed at Nova Zembla, 

 but could proceed no farther eastward. In 1609, he 

 undertook a third voyage, under the patronage of the 

 Dutch East India company. Being unsuccessful in 

 his attempts to find a north-east passage, he sailed 

 for Davis's straits, but struck the continent of Ame- 

 rica in 44 N. lat., and, holding a southerly course, 

 discovered the mouth of the Hudson, which he 

 ascended about fifty leagues in a boat. His last 

 voyage was undertaken in 1610. He sailed, April 

 17, in a bark named the Discovery, with a crew of 

 twenty-three men, and came within sight of Green- 

 land, June 4. Proceeding westward, he reached, in 

 latitude 60, the strait bearing his name. Through 

 this he advanced along the coast of Labrador, to 

 which he gave the name ot Nova Britannia, until it 

 issued into the vast bay, which is also called after 

 him. He resolved to winter in the most southern 

 part of it, and the crew drew up in a small creek, 

 and endeavoured to sustain the severity of that dis- 

 mal climate, in which attempt they endured extreme 

 privations. Hudson, however, fitted up his shallop 

 for farther discoveries; but, not being able to estab- 

 lish any communication with the natives, or to revic- 

 tual his ship, with tears in his eyes he distributed his 

 little remaining bread to his men, and prepared to 

 return. Having a dissatisfied and mutinous crew, 

 he imprudently uttered some threats of setting some 

 of them on shore ; upon which a body ot them 

 entered his cabin at night, tied his arms behind him, 

 and put him in his own shallop, at the west end of 

 the straits, with his son, John Hudson, and seven of 

 the most infirm of the crew. They were then turned 

 adrift, and were never more heard of. A small part 

 of the crew, after enduring incredible hardships, 

 arrived at Plymouth, in September, 1611. An 

 account of his last voyage is contained in the 4th 

 volume of Purchas's Pilgrimage. His voyage in the 

 service of the Dutch is contained in the collections 

 published by that nation. 



HUDSON'S BAY ; a large bay of North Ame- 

 rica, situated north of Canada, reaching in its whole 

 extent from Ion. 78 to Ion. 95 W., and from lat. 

 52 to lat. 68 N., in which are included the different 

 gulfs and bays, such as James's bay, Welcome sea, 

 &c., which are no otherwise to be distinguished than 

 as being narrower. Its superficial area is about 

 296,000 square miles ; its length from north to 

 south being 1000 miles, and its breadth 800. It is 

 navigable only a few months in the year, being 

 completely frozen over or obstructed by drift ice 



