HUNINGEN HUNS. 



body ; hence the whole body becomes lean and weak, 

 bloody fluxes take place from all parts, as well as 

 violent irritation of tin- nervous system, caused by 

 the exrt'SMvc sensibility of the nerves of the stomach, 

 which at length extends to the whole region of the 

 abdomen, is carried to a still greater height, and 

 produces pain over the whole body, sleeplessness, 

 convulsions, raving madness, until at length death 

 puts an end to the scene. 



Hunger Cure ; a mode of curing diseases by the 

 greatest possible abstinence from food ; so much 

 ouly being allowed as is requisite to keep the patient 

 alive. The food is diminished by degrees, and, in 

 the period of convalescence, is increased in the same 

 way, with much precaution, as many patients, unable 

 to resist their appetite, have died in consequence of 

 a slight indulgence. This mode of cure has been 

 found of great use in the case of deep-rooted com- 

 plaints, which baffled the powers of medicine. It is 

 used, particularly in connexion with frequent unctions 

 of mercury, in obstinate cases of syphilis, when even 

 the bones have become affected ; and the cases in 

 which this severe remedy has produced brilliant suc- 

 cesses are numerous. It is considered, in Germany, 

 as indispensable to the cure of inveterate syphilis. 

 The patient is kept in a well closed room, receiving 

 only a little bread and water, and soon loses his 

 appetite, owing to his debilitated state produced by 

 the mercurial unctions. His bed-linen is never 

 changed, nor the room aired ; indeed, a very trifling 

 draught of air has proved fatal. The salivation is 

 very great, and it is surprising that man can live at 

 all in such a state as these patients are often in. 

 The cure generally requires about three weeks. 



HUNINGEN, or HUNINGUE ; a place in Alsace, 

 department of the Haut-Rhin, half a league from 

 Basle. Louis XIV. caused it to be fortified by 

 Vauban, in 1 679. In 1814, it was besieged by the 

 allies, and, by the peace of Paris, in 1816, it was 

 stipulated that the fortifications should be destroyed, 

 at the urgent solicitations, as is said, of Basle. It 

 now contains but 1000 inhabitants, and is of no impor- 

 tance. 



HUNNIADES, JOHN CORVINITS, waywode of 

 Transylvania, and general of the armies of Ladis- 

 laus, king of Hungary, was one of the greatest com- 

 manders of his time. He fought against the Turks 

 heroically, and, in 1442 and 1443, gained important 

 advantages over the generals of sultan Amurath, 

 and obliged that prince to retire from Belgrade, after 

 besieging it seven months. In 1456, he obliged 

 Mohammed II. also to relinquish a siege of the same 

 place, but died September 10, in the same year. 

 He was, at this time, regarded as the hero of Chris- 

 tendom, and not less esteemed by his enemies than 



regretted by his friends. He left two sons, th 

 yoimger of whom, Matthias, was afterwards king of 

 Hungary. 



HUNS ; a nation of Northern Asia, which proba- 

 bly belongs to the Finnish race, and formerly led a 

 nomadic life on the frontiers of China. The history 

 of the Huns can be traced no farther back than the 

 reign of Me-te, a son of Teu-man, on account of 

 whose inroads the Chinese built their great wall, B.C. 

 209. (See De Guigne's Histoire des Huns.) This 

 powerful people, not entirely destitute of civilization, 

 were masters of Mongolia and the greatest part of 

 the north of Asia, as far as the Caspian sea and the 

 borders of Thibet, and were long dangerous neigh- 

 bours to the Chinese. But, internal dissensions 

 having weakened the power of the Huns, the Chinese 

 gained a dominion over them, although doubtful and 

 interrupted, and put an end to their northern king- 

 dom, A. D. 93, and to their southern in the fifth cen- 

 tury. After the destruction of the old kingdom of 

 the Huns in the north, a part of this people retired 

 to Youen-Pan, near the sources of the Ural, not far 

 from the residence of the Bashkirs. The country 

 was afterwards called Tanjou or Great Hungary. 

 According to the accounts of the Roman geographers, 

 however, the Huns, in the time of Augustus, were 

 settled near the Caspian sea. These new comers had 

 the Alans on the south-west, and occupied the fron- 

 tiers of the Roman empire. While they were 

 spreading to the north and south, they carried on 

 wars in the east with the Chinese. But when the 

 To-pa or To-ten, who dwelt on the river Amour, 

 spread themselves on the west of China, and drove 

 the Sienpi from their possessions, at the beginning of 

 the fourth century, the Huns again pressed towards 

 the west, to the Caspian sea and the Pontus Euxinus. 

 After a bloody struggle with the Alans, they united 

 with them, to pass the Pontus Euxinus, and attack 

 the Goths (376), and thus produced the general 

 irruption of the barbarians. They were accompanied 

 by many tribes whom they had overcome, and they 

 reduced all the nations on the north of the Danube. 

 They sometimes made war on the Romans, and some- 

 times served in troops under their standards. Rouas 

 compelled the Romans to pay tribute. His nephews, 

 Bleda and Attila, sons of Mandras (Mundzuk), suc- 

 ceeded him in 443, and turned their arms against the 

 Germans and Sarmatians. After the death of Bleda, 

 Attila continued his conquests, and founded one of 

 the most extensive kingdoms known in history. (See 

 Attila.) Soon after his death (453), the empire fell 

 to pieces ; but the hordes of Huns long lived on the 

 north of the Danube and the Palus Moeotis, until 

 at length the people and the name became ex- 

 tinct. 



END OF VOLUME THIRD. 



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