LEMNOS L E MONTE Y. 



with a tinge of tawny on the back, having n dusky 

 stripe along its middle, ajid a pale line on each side. 

 The hair is very fun-, soft, nnd long. It is not certain 

 that these animals migrate like the foregoing SJK <. -ies. 

 though, fntm the observations of cnptnin Lyon, this 

 appears probable. He says (lint he observed long 

 ridgM of mouse dung, several inches deep, extending 

 for above two miles. This was in a situation in 

 which none of these animals were then found, and in 

 a kind of soil in which they do not live. Hearne 

 thinks Uiat, from appearances, they seldom stray from 

 their habitations, even in summer, and in winter, are 

 rarely seen on the surface of the snow. This 

 writer, however, may have only had an opportunity 

 of observing them during those years in which they 

 are stationary. They were first described by Forster, 

 from a mutilated specimen, and afterwards, in a fuller 

 manner, by Pallas. Doctor Richardsuii (Fauna Am. 

 Boreal.} is of opinion that this lemming is only found 

 in the vicinity of the sea. It occurs in Labrador, and 

 all parts of Northern America bordering on the Polar 

 sea. It is said to be very inoffensive, and so easily 

 tallied that, if caught, even when full grown, it will 

 become perfectly reconciled to its situation in a day 

 or two, very fond of being liandled, and will creep, 

 of its own accord, into its master's bosom. 



LEMNOS (now Slalimene'), the most northerly 

 island of the Grecian Archipelago (the ^Egean sea), 

 between the Hellespont and mount Athos (147 square 

 miles, 8000 inhabitants), abounds in vines, wheat, &c. 

 It formerly contained a volcano, Meschica, which 

 was regarded as the workshop of Vulcan. Mytho- 

 logy assigns this island as the residence of Vulcan 

 (whence he is called Lemnius), after Jupiter had 

 hurled him from Olympus. Various atrocities, per- 

 petrated on this island (see Hypsipyle), gave occasion, 

 in antiquity, to the use of the epithet Lemnian, to 

 designate such acts. Among its curiosities are a 

 labyrinth, and the Lemnian earth (terra sigillata) 



LEMOINE, FRANCIS, an historical painter, born at 

 Paris, in 1688, was placed, in his thirteenth year, 

 with the painter Galloche, with whom he remained 

 twelve years, during which time he paid particular 

 attention to the works of Carlo Maratti and Pietro 

 di Cortona. In 1718, he became member of the 

 academy. The war of the Spanish succession pre- 

 venting the support of young artists at Rome, by the 

 French government, he was obliged to defer the 

 accomplishment of his wish to visit Italy till a rich 

 amateur, of the name of Bergier, took him for his 

 companion, in 1723 ; but a residence of six months in 

 Italy, at a time when his talents were already deve- 

 loped, could not he so useful to him as the earlier 

 study of the treasures of Roman art might have been. 

 He finished, however, one of his best paintings, a 

 female entering the bath, during his residence in 

 Bologna, Venice, and Rome. On his return, he was 

 appointed professor at the academy, and soon found 

 an opportunity of displaying his talents in painting 

 the chapel of the Holy Virgin in the church of Sul- 

 pice, the subject of which is the ascension. The 

 composition of the picture, however, has some funda- 

 mental faults. It was restored by Callet in 1780, and 

 cannot therefore be now considered as Lemoine's 

 work. Lemoine subsequently painted the ceiling in 



oreizo vos pestiferos mures per Deum Patrem t omnipo- 

 teutrni, et Jenum t Christum (ilium ejus, et Spiritum 

 Saiirtiini, t ab utroque prncedentem, lit confeatim recedatis 

 ah hi* campiii, seu yioeis vel aquis, nee ampliiis in cis ha- 

 bitetis, ted ad ea loca transeatis, in quibus neniini nocere 

 pns*itis,et ex parle omnipotent** Dei, et totius curia; cos- 

 leu, et rcele*iin lanctte Dei, vos maledicens, quocunque 

 ieritis, iiti* maledicti, drficicntes de die in diem in vos 

 l ptot, ?t dccreiceutes quad-nun reliqui.-i- de vobU nullo in 

 loco inveuiantur, nisi nereuariu ad salutem et UKUIU 

 biimanuiu.qiioj pnentare dignutur ille.qui veuluruget judi- 

 care rivo> et niurtuua ct itculum per igucm Aiuco." 



the hall of Hercules at Versailles, the largest painting 

 in Europe, being sixty-four feet long and fifty-four 

 broad, without being divided by any architectural 

 interruptions. It contains 142 figures. He had 

 almost finished the work, when he observed that the 

 main group was placed a little too low, and he did 

 not hesitate to raise it, although alterations were thus 

 rendered necessary in almost all the other figures. 

 His exertions in this work, which cost him the labour 

 of seven years, weakened his health. His domestic 

 misfortunes augmented the natural gloom of his dis- 

 position, and his chagrin at the marks of favour 

 conferred on inferior artists combined with these 

 circumstances to unsettle his reason. In a fit of 

 insanity, he put an end to his life, in 1737. On an 

 unprejudiced estimate of his labours, it cannot be 

 denied, that the decline of the French school is 

 principally owing to him. His drawing is incorrect, 

 his forms are disfigured by mannerism, but his 

 colouring is brilliant, though wanting in truth, and 

 his grouping is skilful. 



LEMON. The lemon-tree (citrus limonumj was 

 originally brought from the tropical parts of Asia, 

 but is now cultivated very extensively in the south 

 of Europe, especially in Sicily, and the fruit forms 

 an important article of commerce. It is congeneric 

 with the orange and citron, and belongs to the natural 

 family aurantiaceee. Its stature is that of a large 

 shrub or small tree ; the leaves are oval, pointed, 

 twice as long as broad, and, like those of the other 

 species, contain scattered glands which are filled with 

 a volatile oil. The beauty of its smooth evergreen 

 foliage, and the delightful fragrance of the flowers 

 and fruit, have made it a great favourite in all our 

 green-houses. The shape of the fruit is oblong, but 

 its internal structure does not differ from that of the 

 orange. The juice is acid and agreeable ; mixed 

 with water and sugar, it forms the well-known refresh- 

 ing drink called lemonade, which is in general use 

 throughout all parts of the civilized world. Lemon- 

 juice is also employed by calico printers to discharge 

 colours. See Citron. 



LEMONADE ; a drink made of water, sugar, and 

 the juice of lemons. Prepared in this simple way, it 

 is a very grateful beverage in warm weather, or to 

 feverish patients. The taste is more agreeable, if 

 the sugar is rubbed with the peel of the lemon, so as 

 to imbibe the oil contained therein ; but the lemon- 

 ade is thus rendered stimulant rather than cooling, 

 and many persons suffer from head-ache in conse- 

 quence. In public houses, cream of tartar is fre- 

 quently used instead of lemon-juice/ which few 

 persons can endure without feeling some head-ache. 

 Lemonade was first sold publicly between 1630 and 

 1633, in Italy, and soon became very common. See 

 Limonade. 



LEMONTEY, PETER EDWARD, member of the 

 B'rench academy, jurist and poet, was born at Lyons, 

 in 1762, and died at Paris, June 27, 1826. On the 

 convocation of the estates in 1789, he contributed by 

 his essay whether a Protestant can vote in the Elec- 

 tion of the Members of the Estates, or be chosen a 

 Member himself- to the restoration of the Protes- 

 tants, who formed a numerous class of citizens, to 

 their civil rights. Subsequently appointed deputy 

 from the department of the Rhone, he joined the 

 constitutional-monarchical party, and exerted himself 

 to moderate the extravagant measures of the wild 

 demagogues. He succeeded in saving a great 

 number of absent scholars, artists, and travellers 

 from being confounded, in the laws against emi- 

 grants, with those who had left their country with the 

 purpose of introducing foreign arms on their native 

 soil. In the deliberations on the fate of Louis 

 XVI., he conducted himself with equal humanity and 



