LINDSAY LINEN. 



England, where the herons build their nests like 

 rooks, in clusters, on the tops of lofty trees. The 

 avoset or yelper, distinguished by its bill, which 

 c-m-v. -v ujiw'anls, is found in considerable numbers in 

 the neighbourhood of the Fossdike ; as likewise are 

 those delicacies for the table, knots and dottrels. 



A mon the agricultural products of Lincolnshire 

 in general, are grain of all sorts in the higher 

 grounds; and in the lower oats, hemp, flax, woad, 

 &c. But its distinguishing character is that of a graz- 

 ing county, and its pastures are noted for rearing 

 different kinds of stock of the greatest size and weight. 

 Lincolnshire oxen are proverbially remarkable for 

 their immense bulk; and the horses bred here have long 

 been iield in high repute, both for the saddle and 

 for harness, while those from the southern part of the 

 county are especially valuable as draught horses. 

 The mineral productions of Lincolnshire are of but 

 little importance in commerce, the only articles 

 deserving of notice being a kind of variegated mar- 

 ble, the ore called the sulphuret of iron, and the sub- 

 phosphate of the same metal. This is not a manu- 

 iacturing county, but in some towns canvass and 

 sail-cloth are made in considerable quantities. 



The borouglis of Lincolnshire, beside the city of 

 Lincoln, are Boston, Grantham, Grimsby, and Stam- 

 ford ; and the market- towns, Alford, Barton-upon- 

 Humber, Bourne, Burgh, Caistor, Corby, Crowland, 

 Crowle, Donnington, Epworth, Falkingham, Gains- 

 borough, G landlord Bridge, Holbeach, Horncastle, 

 Kirton, Louth, Market Deeping, Market Rasen, 

 Saltfleet, Sleaford, Spalding, Spilsby, New Boling- 

 broke, Long Sutton, Swineshead, Tattershall, Wain- 

 fleet, and Wragby. Population in 1841, 362,602. 



LINDSAY, or LYNDSAY, SIR DAVID, an ancient 

 Scottish poet, descended from a noble family, was 

 born about the year 1490. He entered the university 

 of St Andrews in 1505, and, in 1509, became page 

 of honour to James V., then an infant. In 1528, he 

 produced his Dreme, and, in the following year, 

 presented his Complaynt to the king. In 1530, he 

 was inaugurated Lyon king-at-arms, and knighted, 

 and, in 1531, sent on a mission to Charles V., on his 

 return from which he married. He soon after occu- 

 pied himself on a drama, of a singular kind, entitled 

 a Satyre of the Three Estatis, which was followed, in 

 1536, by his Answer to the King's Flyting, and his 

 Complaynt of Bascha. On the death of Magdalen 

 of France, two months after her marriage with James 

 V., Lindsay's muse produced his Deploratioun of the 

 Death of Quene Magdalene. During the succeeding 

 regency, he espoused the cause of the reformers, 

 and, in 1548, was sent, in his capacity of Lyon 

 herald, on a mission to Christiem, king of Denmark. 

 On his return, he published the most pleasing of all 

 his poems, entitled the History and Testament of 

 Squire Meldrum. His last and greatest work, the 

 Monarchie, was finished in 1553. The date of his 

 death is unknown ; but the latest authority seems 

 inclined to place it in 1557. Lindsay entered with 

 great zeal into religious disputes, and his satires 

 powerfully assisted to expose the vices of the clergy. 

 As a poet, he is inferior to Dunbar and Gawin 

 Douglas. His Dreme is deemed his most poetical 

 composition. An accurate edition of the works of 

 Lindsay was published by Mr George Chalmers, in 

 1806. 



LINDSEY, THEOPHILUS, a celebrated divine of the 

 Unitarian persuasion, was born at Middlewich, in 

 Cheshire, June 20, 1723. His father was an eminent 

 salt proprietor; and Theophilus, the second of his 

 three children, took that name from his godfather 

 Theophilus, earl of Huntingdon. He received his 

 grammar education at Middlewich and Leeds, and, 

 at the age of eighteen, was admitted a scholar at St 



John's college, Cambridge. Having taken orders, 

 by the recommendation of the earl of Huntingdon, he 

 was appointed domestic chaplain to the duke of 

 Suiui'iM't, and, in 1754, accompanied earl Percy to 

 tlic continent. On his return, he married the daugh- 

 ter of archdeacon Blackburne, and was presented to 

 a living in Dorsetshire, which he exchanged, in 

 1764, for the vicarage of Catterick, in Yorkshire. 

 In 1771, he zealously co-operated with archdeacon 

 Blackburne, doctor John Jebb, Mr VVyvil, and 

 others, to obtain relief in matters of subscription to 

 the thirty-nine articles. Having long entertained a 

 doubt of the doctrine of the Trinity, in 1773, he 

 honourably resigned his livings, and went to London, 

 where, in April, 1774, he performed divine service in 

 a room in Essex-street, Strand, which was conducted 

 according to the plan of a liturgy, altered from that 

 of the establishment by the celebrated doctor Samuel 

 Clarke. About the same time, he published his 

 Apology, of which several editions were called for in 

 a few years. This was followed by a larger volume, 

 entitled a Sequel to the Apology, in which he replies 

 to the various answers given to his first work. In 

 1778, he was enabled, by the assistance of friends, to 

 build a regular chapel in Essex-street, the service 

 of which he conducted, in conjunction with doctor 

 Disney, until 1793, when he resigned the pulpit, but 

 continued as active as ever with the pen. In 1802, 

 he published his last work, entitled Considerations on 

 the Divine Government. He died Nov. 3, 1803, in 

 his eightieth year. Besides the works already men. 

 tioned, he wrote on the Preface to St John's Gospel, 

 on Praying to Christ, an Historical View of the 

 State of the Unitarian Doctrine and Worship from 

 the Reformation, and several other pieces. Two 

 volumes of his sermons have also been published 

 since his death. 



LINE, MATHEMATICAL, is extension in length, 

 without breadth and thickness; it is either straight or 

 curved. In navigation, the equator is called the 

 line; hence the expression "to pass the line." In 

 decimal measures of length, it is the tenth; in duo- 

 decin.al measures of length, it is the twelfth part of 

 an inch. In the art of war, a series of soldiers or 

 ships, drawn up in order of battle, are called a line ; 

 hence the phrase " ships of the line." In genealogy 

 and jurisprudence, it signifies a series of persons, in 

 the order of their descent from a certain ancestor. 



LINE, TROOPS OF THE, are contradistinguished 

 from the guards and light troops. 



LINE, VESSELS OF THE. See Navy, and Ship. 



LINEN ; a cloth of very extensive use, made of 

 flax, and differing from cloths made of hemp only in 

 fineness. In common linen, the warp and woof cross 

 each other at right angles; if figures are woven in, it 

 is called damask. The species of goods which come 

 under the denomination of linen, are table-cloths, 

 plain and damasked, cambric, lawn, shirting, sheet- 

 ing, towels, Silesias, Osnaburgs, &c. The chief 

 countries in which linens are manufactured are Russia, 

 Germany, Switzerland, Flanders, Holland, Scotland, 

 and Ireland. Of these, Russia principally manufactures 

 sheeting and sail-cloth ; Germany, shirtings, sheeting, 

 and bagging; Switzerland, both fine and coarse goods; 

 Flanders, the finer articles, especially cambric and 

 lawn; Holland, sheeting of the best description; 

 Scotland and Ireland, shirting, damask table-linen, 

 and towelling, of superior quality. Immense quantities 

 of linen are annually exported from Ireland to Eng- 

 land, and several parts of Europe, and North and 

 South America, the West Indies, and Africa. In 

 several parts of Germany, Switzerland, Flanders, and 

 France, linens are frequently embellished with paint- 

 ing ; and in England, the produce of the Irish linen 

 manufacture is beautifully printed iu the manner of 



