432 



L1NNE LINUS. 



Mine yenr, he went to the university of Harderwyck, 

 in Holland, and took th- degree of M. D. He then 

 visited Leyden, where tlie first sketch of his Systema 

 Xiituree was printed in the form of tables, filling 

 twelve folio pages. He became acquainted with John 

 Frederic Gronovius, Boerhaave, and John Burman of 

 Amsimlum ; and he then published a work, entitled 

 Fuiidumenta liotanica, exhibiting the basis of his 

 botanical system. Mr Clifford, a rich merchant of 

 Amsterdam, made him superintendent of his garden 

 at Hartecarnp, near Haerlem,rich in curious exotics, 

 of which Linne drew up a systematic catalogue. In 

 1736, he made a visit to England. He returned to 

 Holland with many new plants for Mr Clifford's gar- 

 den, his description of which, entitled Hortus Cliffbr- 

 tiuntis, with thirty-seven plates, was now published 

 in a most splendid form. He also published the first 

 edition of his Genera Plantarum. In 1738, he made 

 an excursion to Paris, and, towards the end of that 

 year, returned to his native country, and settled as a 

 physician at Stockholm. At first, lie experienced 

 neglect ; but, through the influence of count Tessin, 

 he was appointed physician to the navy, and had a 

 salary for giving public lectures on botany in the sum- 

 mer, and on mineralogy in the winter. The establish- 

 ment of the royal academy of Stockholm, of which 

 he was one of the first members, contributed to the 

 advancement of his reputation, by the opportunities 

 which it afforded for the display of his abilities. In 

 1741, he succeeded Roberg in the professorship of 

 medicine at Upsal, to which was added the superinten- 

 dence of the botanic garden, to the new arrangement 

 and augmentation of which he devoted much of his 

 time and attention. In 1745, appeared his Flora 

 Suecica, and the next year his catalogue of Swedish 

 animals, entitled Fauna Suecica. He was elected to 

 the post of secretary of the academy of sciences at 

 Upsal. In 1746, an honorary medal of him was 

 struck at the expense of some noblemen ; and, in 

 1747, he was nominated royal archiater. Through 

 his influence, many young naturalists were sent to 

 explore various countries ; and to his zeal in the 

 cause of science we owe the discoveries in natural 

 history made by Kalm, Osbeck, Hasselquist, and Loe- 

 fling. He was employed by the queen of Sweden to 

 describe her museum at Drottningholm, when he 

 made a new scientific arrangement of the shells con- 

 tained in it. About 1751, he published his Phiio- 

 sophia Botanica, and, in 1753, his Species Plantarum, 

 containing a description of every known plant, 

 arranged according to the sexual system. This work 

 of Linne, which Haller terms his Maximum Opus et 

 SEternum, appeared originally in two volumes 8vo. ; 

 but the edition published by Willdenow at Berlin, 

 1799 1810, is extended to ten volumes. In 1753, 

 this great naturalist was created a knight of the polar 

 star an honour never before bestowed on a literary 

 man. In 1761, he was elevated to the rank of 

 nobility. Literary honours were also conferred on 

 him by scientific societies in foreign countries. In 

 1768, he completed the plan of his Systema Naturae, 

 which, through successive editions, had been enlarged 

 to three octavo volumes. Linne acquired a moderate 

 degree of opulence, sufficient to enable him to pur- 

 chase an estate and mansion at Hammarby, near 

 Upsal, where he chiefly resided during the last fifteen 

 years of his life. There he had a museum of natural 

 history, on which he gave lectures, and to which he 

 was constantly making additions, from the contri- 

 butions of travellers and men of science in various 

 parts of the world. His health, during a great part 

 of his life, enabled him to pursue his researches with 

 vigour and activity; but in May, 1774, he had an 

 apoplectic attack, which obliged him to relinquish 

 the most laborious part of his professorial duties, and 



close his literary lalmurs. A second attack occurred 

 in 1776, and he afterwards experienced a third ; but 

 his death did not take place till January 11, 1778. 

 Besides liis works on natural history, he published a 

 classified Materia Medica, and a systematic treatise 

 on nosology, entitled Genera Morborum. Few men 

 in the history of science have shown such boldness, 

 zeal, activity, and sagacity as Linne : natural science 

 is under unspeakable obligations to him, though the 

 different systems established by him may be super- 

 seded by more perfect ones. Charles XIV., king of 

 Sweden, in 1819, ordered a monument to be erected 

 to him in his native place. By his wife, the daughter 

 of a physician at Fahlun, he had a son and four 

 daughters. The former, Charles von Linne, jun. was 

 joint-professor of botany, and afterwards of medicine 

 at Upsal. He was well acquainted with science, but 

 distinguished himself by no discoveries of importance. 

 On his death, without issue, in 1783, the family became 

 extinct. Elizabeth Christina von Linne, one of the 

 daughters of the great naturalist, studied botany, and 

 became known by her discovery of the luminous pro- 

 perty of the flower of the tropeeolum, of which an ac- 

 count was communicated to the academy of Stockholm. 



LINSEED OIL. See Flax, 



LINT, in surgery, is the scrapings of fine linen, 

 used by surgeons in dressing wounds. It is made 

 into various forms, which have different names, 

 according to the difference of the figures. Lint, made 

 up in an oval or orbicular form, is called a pledgit ; 

 if in a cylindrical form, or in shape of a date or olive 

 stone, it is called a dossil. These different forms of 

 lint are required for many purposes ; as, 1. to stop 

 blood in fresh wounds, by filling them up before the 

 application of a bandage ; though, if scraped lint be 

 not at hand, a piece of fine linen m;iy be torn into 

 small rags, and applied in the same manner ; in very 

 large hemorrhages, the lint or rags should be first 

 dipped in some styptic liquor, as alcohol, or oil of 

 turpentine, or sprinkled with some styptic powder : 

 2. to agglutinate or heal wounds ; to which end lint 

 is very serviceable, if spread with some digestive 

 ointment, balsam, or vulnerary liquor : 3. in drying 

 up wounds and ulcers, and forwarding the formation 

 of a cicatrix : 4. in keeping the lips of wounds at a 

 proper distance, that they may not hastily unite before 

 the bottom is well digested and healed : 5. they are 

 highly necessary to preserve wounds from the injuries 

 of the air. Surgeons of former ages used compresses 

 of sponge, wool, feathers, or cotton, linen being less 

 plentiful than in later times; but lint is far preferable 

 to all these, and is, at present, universally used. 



LINTZ, the capital of Upper Austria, on the 

 Danube, at the influx of the Traun, is .well built, 

 with a bridge 400 paces long, and has, exclusive 

 of the garrison, a population of 18,700 inhabitants ; 

 houses, 1000. Here is the largest woollen manufac- 

 tory in Austria, in which fine carpets are made. 

 Much gunpowder is also manufactured here. In 

 1784, Lintz was made a bishop's see. In 1674, the 

 lyceum was founded by Leopold, and, in 1824, institu- 

 tions for the deaf and dumb, and one for the blind, 

 were erected. The Northern Institute is a college 

 for the Catholics of the north of Germany. Lon. 14 

 16' 45" E.; lat. 48 18' 54" N. 



LINUS; the name of a celebrated musician of 

 antiquity, to whom Diodorus Siculus, quoting Diony- 

 sius of Mitylene, attributes the introduction of verse 

 and music into Greece. He was a native of Chalcis, 

 and to him are ascribed a poem on the exploits of 

 Bacchus in India, a treatise on mythology, the addi- 

 tion of a string to the lyre then in use, and the 

 invention of melody and rhythm. Suidas also joins 

 in giving him credit for the last-mentioned improve- 

 ments, and calls him the first lyric poet. A few 



