4-4 



LION'S GULP LIPSIUS. 



by a lion. Marking the siH>t whence the alarm took 

 place, about mid-day, when the sun is very powerful, 

 and the object of their attack asleep, they carefully 

 examine the ground, and, if they find him, they lodge 

 a bullet or poisoned arrow in him. Sometimes, how- 

 ever, he is fairly brought to bay in the daytime, by 

 the hunter, as the following account from Pringle 

 testifies. After his retreat is found, "the approved 

 plan is to torment him with dogs till he abandons his 

 t-oveit, and stands at bay in the open plain. 'Hie 

 whole band of hunters then march forward together, 

 and fire deliberately, one by one. If he does not 

 speedily fall, but grows angry and turns upon his 

 enemies, they must then stand close in a circle, and 

 turn their horses' rear outward, some holding them 

 fast by the bridles, while the others kneel to take a 

 steady aim at the lion as he approaches, sometimes 

 up to the very horses' heels, crouching every now 

 and then, as if to measure the distance and strength 

 of his enemies. This is the moment to shoot him 

 feirly in the forehead, or some other mortal part. 

 If they continue to wound him ineffectually, till he 

 becomes furious and desperate, or if the horses, star- 

 tled by his terrific roar, grow frantic with terror, 

 and burst loose, the business becomes rather serious, 

 and may end in mischief, especially if all the party 

 are not men of courage, coolness, and experience." 

 Very full accounts of the lion and his habits are to 

 be found in the travels of Sparmann, Barlow, Levail- 

 lant, Burchell, &c., in Southern Africa, and also in 

 the Library of Entertaining Knowledge, and the 

 Tower Menagerie, from which the above account 

 has been condensed. 



LION'S GULF. This is the proper spelling of 

 the gulf generally called Gulf of Lyons, The name 

 is derived from lion, on account of the fierceness of 

 the gales, at some seasons, in this gulf. The proper 

 mode of writing it in French is Golfe du Lion. See 

 Lyons, Gulf of . 



LION'S SHARE ; the whole, or a disproportionate 

 share of the advantages of a contract, claimed by one 

 of the parties, and supported by the right of the strong- 

 est. The phrase is derived from a fable of ^Esop. 



LIPAKI ; a cluster of volcanic islands in the 

 Mediterranean, which take their name from the 

 principal one of the group, about twenty-four miles 

 from the north coast of Sicily. Lon. 15 12' E.; 

 lat. 38 34' N.; population, about 20,000. These 

 islands were called, by the ancients, Police, Vul- 

 caniee, and Insulae Lipareeorum, and feigned to be 

 the residence of ^Eotus and Vulcan. Lipari, the 

 largest, is populous and well cultivated, producing 

 great quantities of corn and fruit, especially figs and 

 raisins ; it likewise produces alum, sulphur, nitre, 

 and cinnabar. It is about fifteen miles in circum- 

 ference ; the air is healthy, and the inhabitants in- 

 dustrious and good seamen. On the eastern coast 

 is situated a town of the same name. In this 

 island were formerly pits, which emitted fire and 

 smoke, but have long ceased to do either. Popu- 

 lation, 15,000 ; square miles, 100. The other 

 islands are Stromboli, Panaria, Vulcano, Salini, Ali- 

 cudi, and Felicudi, with two or three smaller ones. 

 The volcanic eruptions, formerly frequent in the 

 island of Lipari, ceased in the sixth century, but the 

 whole island is composed of pumice-stone, lava, vol- 

 canic glass, and black sand ; and the warm baths, 

 and heated vapours of the Stoves (excavations which 

 emit hot, sulphureous exhalations), prove the activity 

 of the subterranenn fires. The celebrated crater of 

 Vulcano was visited by general Cockburn in 1812 

 (Voyage to Cadiz); the volcano is probably only 

 slumbering, and not extinct. Stromboli is at pre- 

 sent the most remarkable of the islands ; its fires are 

 in unremitting activity, the eruptions taking place 



at regular intervals, varying from three to eight 

 minutes. See the works of Dolomieu, Spallanzani, 

 Brydone, &c. 



UPOGUAMMATIC COMPOSITIONS; those 

 in which certain letters are purposely left out. Thus 

 Lope de Vega wrote a novella without / or a. Kot- 

 zebue wrote one without r. The word is derived 

 from the Greek lu*t<* (signifying to omit,nnd used in 

 many compound words), and yja^a (letter). 



LIPPE. The ancient principality of Lippe is, at 

 present, divided between two reigning houses : 1. 

 Lippe-Detmold contains about 490 square miles, with 

 71,200 inhabitants. Detmold, with 2700 inhabitants, 

 is the capital. Public revenue, 490,000 guilders. 

 The prince furnishes a contingent of GOO men to the 

 German confederacy. The constitution granted by 

 the mother of the present prince to the country is 

 still suspended, because the nobility will not allow the 

 peasants to be represented. 2. Schauenburg- Lippe. 

 The dominion^ of the prince of Lippe Buckeburg- 

 Schauenburg contain 212 square miles, with 25,500 

 inhabitants; revenue, 215,000 guilders; contingent 

 to the Germanic confederation, 240 men. Bucke- 

 burg, the capital, is on the river Au. In 1810, the 

 prince abolished the last traces of bondage, and Jan. 

 15, 1816, established a constitution. 



LIPPI. There were three Florentine artists ot 

 this name. Of these, the eldest, Francesco Filippo, 

 born in 1421, and surnamed the Old, had taken the 

 vows as a Carmelite monk, but afterwards aban- 

 doned the church, and underwent many vicissitudes 

 of fortune. On one occasion, he fell into the hands 

 of a Barbary corsair, who sold him to slavery in 

 Africa. The successful exertion of his talents, upon 

 the portrait of his purchaser, was rewarded by his 

 restoration to liberty. On his return to Italy, lie was 

 received into the service of the grand duke of Flo- 

 rence. His death took place in 1488 ; and, although 

 he was then sixty-seven, it is said to have been the 

 result of an intrigue with a female of a respectable 

 family, poison being employed by her relatives for 

 his destruction. 



He left one son, Filippo, also a painter of consid- 

 erable reputation, born in 1460. Many of his works 

 are yet to be found in the city of which he was a 

 native. He died in 1505. 



Lorenzo, the third of the name, descended of the 

 same family, united to considerable skill as an histori- 

 cal and portrait painter the arts of poetry and music. 

 He was born in 1606, and is advantageously known 

 as the author of a burlesque poem, entitled Malman- 

 tile Racquistato. Of this work there have been three 

 editions; two printed at Florence, in 1688 and 1731, 

 the other, in 1768, at Paris. It appeared originally 

 under the fictitious name of Zipoli. His death took 

 place in 1664. 



LIPSIUS, JUSTUS ; an acute critic and erudite 

 scholar of the sixteenth century, was born at Over- 

 ysche, in Brabant, a village situated between Brus- 

 sels and Louvain, hi October, 1547. Martinus 

 Lipsius, the intimate friend of Erasmus, was his 

 uncle. His genius developed itself very early, his 

 memory being considered wonderful. Before he had 

 completed his ninth year, he had written some mis- 

 cellaneous poetry, much above mediocrity. He was 

 instructed at Brussels, and, subsequently, in the col- 

 leges of ^Eth, Cologne, and Louvain. He removed 

 to Rome in his twentieth year, and, having secured 

 the patronage of cardinal Granvella, by dedicating to 

 him his treatise Variarum Lectionum, was received 

 into his household, in the nominal capacity of secre- 

 tary. With this distinguished prelate he remained 

 till 1569, sedulously consulting the treasures of the 

 Vatican, and other principal libraries, especially 

 employing himself in the collation of rare and ancient 



