LIVERPOOL. 



499 



The Salt House Dock was constructed by virtue of an 

 act 10, George II.; it is the receptacle of ships in the 

 Levant and Irish trade. In the third of George III., 

 a much larger work, St George's Dock, was begun ; 

 this was followed by the King's Dock, opened in 

 1788, in which only the Virginia vessels laden with 

 tobacco, and vessels from the East Indies, are allowed 

 to discharge their cargoes. Soon after Queen's 

 Dock, of still greater magnitude, was completed in 

 1796 ; it is frequented by timber ships from the Baltic 

 and from America ; Prince's Dock, 500 yards in 

 length, was opened in 1821. This dock is enclosed 

 by a wall, between which and the river is a spacious 

 parade, commanding a delightful view of the opposite 

 coast, and of the exhilarating scene presented by the 

 continual bustle on the Mersey, constantly alive with 

 steam vessels, which were first introduced in 1815. 

 To the north of Prince's Dock, and communicating 

 with it, is the new North Dock, and a large graving 

 dock; also Clarence dock appropriated to steam 

 vessels. To the south of the Queen's Dock is the 

 Brunswick Dock, which is appropriated for vessels 

 laden with timber. In addition to these works 

 the duke of Bridgewater's estate has a small dock 

 for the use of the flats navigating his canal ; and 

 there are various dry or graving docks, basins, and 

 communicating branches : all these docks are gained 

 from the MeYsey, and are a splendid monument of 

 human ingenuity and perseverance. The great ad- 

 vantages which they afford are obvious, when the 

 ease and convenience of transacting business at Liver- 

 pool is compared with the hazard and delay of most 

 other ports, not even excepting the metropolis. 



The exports of Liverpool consist chiefly in the 

 manufactured goods of England, such as earthenware, 

 cutlery, hardware, cotton, and woollen goods, much 

 salt, and some coal ; the imports in the produce of 

 Ireland, such as butter, bacon, beef, pork, cattle, 

 corn, linen, spirits, and wool ; and the produce of 

 Africa, the East Indies, and North and South 

 America, viz. palm oil, red wood, ivory, tea, bark, 

 coffee, flour, hides, indigo, pimento, rice, rum, sugar, 

 tallow, tobacco, woods, and cotton wool : for which 

 latter article, Liverpool is the great emporium of the 

 kingdom. In 1830, of 793,695 bales of cotton imported 

 into England, 703,200 were carried into Liverpool. In 

 1824, the whole amount imported into Liverpool was 

 578,323 bales, of which 413,724 were from the 

 United States of America. In 1824, the amount of 

 the exports of Liverpool was ,20,000,000 sterling ; 

 the number of vessels belonging to the port in 1829, 

 was 805, of 161,780 tons. 



Statement nf the Ammmt of Dock Duties Received at the Port 

 (if Liverpool, in each Year, ending 24th June, from 1812 to 

 1835, inclusive. 



See the article Ireland for a statement of the 

 quantity and value of the agricultural produce im- 

 ported into Liverpool from Ireland. 



Liverpool has an extended system of canal naviga- 

 tion, which has grown up with its increasing trade, 

 and by which it has a water communication with the 

 North sea. The manufactures are chiefly those con- 

 nected with shipping, or the consumption of the in- 

 habitants. There are extensive iron and brass foua- 

 deries, breweries, soap-works, and sugar-houses. In 

 the vicinity are many wind-mills for grinding corn, 

 which have a very striking appearance ; also a largo 

 tide-mill, and another worked by steam. A great 

 number of men are employed in building, repairing 

 and fitting out vessels. Of the finer manufactures, 

 the watch-movement and tool business is carried on 

 extensively, and almost exclusively here ; and in the 

 neighbourhood there is a china manufactory, where 

 beautiful specimens of porcelain are produced. 



The Liverpool and Manchester rail road com- 

 mences with a tunnel, twenty-two feet high, sixteen 

 broad, 6750 long. The thickness from the roof to 

 the surface of the ground, varies from five feet to 

 seventy. About two thirds of it is cut through solid 

 rock. The rail road is continued through the remain- 

 ing distance of thirty miles, with embankments, via- 

 ducts and excavations. It is traversed by locomotive 

 steam carriages, running at the rate of about twenty 

 miles an hour. Two additional tunnels connected 

 with the rail road, have been recently formed, under 

 the town of Liverpool ; one terminating at the docks 

 and the other at the Haymarket. The quantity of 

 merchandise conveyed between Liverpool and Man- 

 chester, has lately been estimated at 1500 tons a-day, 

 the number of passengers at 1300. 



The following is an account of the progressive 

 increase of the population of Liverpool : In 1700, 

 5000; in 1760, 26,000; in 1773, 34,407 ; in 1790, 

 56,000 ; in 1801, 77,653 ; in 1811, 94,376 ; in 1821, 

 118,972 ; in 1831, 165,175; in 1841, 286, 487. 



LIVERPOOL, CHARLES JENKINSON, earl of, was 

 the eldest son of colonel Jenkinson, the youngest son 

 of Sir Robert Jenkinson, the first baronet of tin; 

 family. He was born in 1727, ami educated at the 

 Charter house, whence he removed to University col- 

 lege, Oxford, where he took the degree of M. A. in 

 1752. In 1761, he obtained a seat in parliament, and 

 was made under-secretary of state. In 1766, he was 

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