518 



LOHENSTEIN LOLLI. 



From its abundance in some parts of the bay of 

 Campeachy, it is sometimes called Campeachy-wood. 

 The leaves are pinnate ; the flowers small, yellowish, 

 and disposed in axillary racemes at the extremity of 

 the usually spinous branches. The wood is red, 

 tinned with orange and black, so heavy as to sink in 

 water, and susceptible of receiving a good polish ; 

 but it is chiefly employed in dyeing. The black and 

 purple colours are very much used, but they are not 

 so permanent as some obtained from other substances. 

 Though cultivated to some extent in Jamaica, the 

 logwood of commerce is chiefly obtained from Hon- 

 duras, where the cutting of it forms an extensive, 

 but unhealthy, branch ot business. 



LOHENSTEIN, DANIEL CASPAR VON, a German 

 poet of the Silesian school, was born 1635, in Silesia, 

 and died 1683, at Breslau. He wrote a great deal, 

 particularly tragedies and comedies ; and we men- 

 tion him merely as a model of bad taste. His bom- 

 bast is pushed to the furthest extravagance, and as an 

 instance of aberration from taste, is not uninteresting 

 in the history of the human mind. His dramatic 

 extravaganzas are collected in his Trauer- und-Lust- 

 gedichte (Breslau, 1680, 1689 ; Leipsic, 1733). 



LO1R-AND-CHER ; a department of France, so 

 called from the two rivers which cross it ; the former 

 in the south part, and the other in the north. See 

 Department. 



LOIRE (Liger), the largest river of France, rises 

 in the Cevennes, in the department of the Ard^che, 

 and empties into the Atlantic ocean below Nantes 

 in Bretagne. Its length is about 520 miles. It is 

 shallow in many places, but is navigable for large 

 merchant ships to Nantes, for smaller ones to Bri- 

 aire, and for boats to Boanne. The levee upon the 

 Loire is one of the most stupendous works in France. 

 It extends from Angers to Orleans, and was con- 

 structed to confine the river within its banks, and to 

 exclude the waters from a tract of country which is 

 said formerly to have been a morass one hundred miles 

 in length, and thirty or forty in breadth. Its base is 

 about forty feet wide, and its elevation nearly 

 twenty-five from the adjoining level ; and its upper 

 surface, which is paved with large stones, is just 

 capacious enough to admit three carriages abreast. 

 By the new division of France, since the revolution, 

 three departments have received their name from the 

 river the Loire, and the Upper, and Lower Loire. 

 In 1815, the river became of historical importance. 

 The French army, which, after the battle of Waterloo 

 had fallen back to the walls of Paris, having, by the 

 terms of capitulation made by the provisionary 

 government, retired without further hostilities, under 

 the command of Davoust, beyond the Loire, it was> 

 called the army of the Loire. 



LOIRE, LOIRE UPPER, and LOIRE LOWER; 

 three French departments. See Department. 



LOIRET ; a French department. See Depart- 

 ment. 



LOIZEROLLES, M. DE, was a barrister at the 

 time of the French revolution, and was arrested, with 

 his father, in 1793, on suspicion, and conveyed with 

 him to the prison of St Lazare. On the 7th of Ther 

 midor, two days before the fall of Robespierre, the 

 messengers of the revolutionary tribunal arrived a 

 the prison with a list of the prisoners who were to be 

 tried, and called for Loizerolles, the son. The young 

 man was asleep, but the father, with a heroic wish t( 

 sacrifice his life for the preservation of his son 

 allowed himself to be taken to the Conciergerie, anc 

 appeared before the judges. The clerk, perceiving 

 the error in point of age, substituted the name o 

 Francis for John, the word father for son, and the age 

 of sixty-one for twenty-two, and thus the father wa 

 led to the scaffold, though no charge or crime wa 



ged against him! M. Loizerolles, junior, has since 

 ibrated this act of paternal affection in a poem, in 

 liree cantos, with historical notes (18mo, 1813). 

 LOK. See Northern Mythology. 

 LOKMAN is a name that figures in the proverb* 

 nd traditions of the Arabians. The period at 

 which he lived is very differently stated, so that it 

 s even doubtful if there were not two of the same 

 name at different periods. According to tradition, 

 >okman was a scion from the stock of Ad, and was 

 jnce sent, with a caravan, from Ethiopia to Mecca, 

 o pray for rain in a time of great drought. But 

 ~od's anger destroyed the whole family of Ad, except 

 okman, the only righteous one ; whereupon the 

 reator of the world gave him his choice, to live as 

 ong as the dung of seven gazelles, which lay in an 

 naccessible hole in a mountain, should last, or for a 

 >eriod equal to the lives of seven successive vultures. 

 " iokman chose the last, and lived for an almost incal- 

 culable length of time. There is also in the Koran 

 an account of a Lokman, surnamed the wise ; some- 

 .iines, also, called Abu-Anam, or the father of the 

 Anams. This one, whether identical with the former 

 or not, is not for us to determine, lived in David's 

 time, and is represented as similar in many respects 

 to the Phrygian JEsop ; and the Arabians have a 

 jreat variety of fables by him, which, however, are 

 :ormed upon the model of those of JEsop, and of 

 which the whole style and appearance are such, that 

 they cannot be referred to so early a date as the first 

 century of the Hegira. This person had, also, a life 

 of remarkable duration (according to some 300, 

 according to others 1000 years), which coincidence 

 hi the accounts of them affords good grounds for the 

 conjecture, that the Lokman of the Koran, and the 

 one whom tradition ascribes to the race of Ad, are 

 one and the same person, whose history, in the course 

 of ages, has been thus fancifully adorned. The fables 

 of Lokman were, for the first time, made known to 

 Europe through the press, by Erpenius, in 1615. 

 They were first published in Arabic, with a Latin 

 translation, were afterwards appended to an Arabic 

 grammar, published by Erpenius, at Leyden, and 

 have since gone through many editions, none of 

 which, however, are free from errors. Among the 

 Oriental nations, these fables, owing to their laconic 

 brevity and tasteless dress, are held in little respect, 

 and, on the whole, are not worthy of the reputation 

 which they have, for a long time, sustained with us. 

 In 1799, during the occupation of Egypt by the 

 French, Marcel superintended an edition of Fables 

 de Lokman, at Cairo, which was republished in Paris 

 in 1803 ; but the best is that prepared by Caussin,in 

 1818, for the use of the pupils at the college royale. 

 The editor of Galland's translation of the Homayoun- 

 Nameh, or Fables of Bidpai, is mistaken in ascribing 

 these Indian fables to Lokman as well as Bidpai. 

 The most complete manuscript of the fables of Lok- 

 man is in the library of the Vatican, in Persian. 



LOLLARDS. See Beguines, Fraternities, and 

 Oldcastle. 



LOLLI, ANTONIO ; a celebrated violinist, born 

 1728, or according to some, 1740, at Bergamo, in 

 the Venetian territory. In 1762 73, he was in the 

 service of the duke of Wurtemberg. He afterwards 

 went to Russia, and his performance pleased the 

 empress Catharine II. so much, that she presented 

 him with a bow, on which she had herself written the 

 words, " This bow, made by Catharine, with her own 

 hands, is intended for the unequalled Lolli." In 

 1775, he travelled in England, France and Spain. In 

 Madrid, besides other perquisites, he received 2000 

 reals from the director of the theatre for each concert. 

 In 1789, he returned to Italy, and died at Naples, in 

 1794. Lolli endeavoured to unite the excellences cf 



