LORENZO DE MEDICI LORRAINE. 



543 



our Lord Jesus Christ, and if he denies that wonder- 

 ful and miraculous transformation of the whole sub- 

 stance of the bread into the body, and the whole 

 substance of the wine into the blood, whilst there 

 remains only the shape (species') of the bread and the 

 wine, which transformation is termed, by the Catholic 

 church, transubstantiation anathema sit. 3. If there 

 be any one who denies that there is contained in the 

 venerable sacrament of the altar, under both sorts, 

 and after division has been performed under the 

 single parts of both sorts, the whole Christ ana- 

 thema sit. 4. If any one says, that, after consecra- 

 tion has been performed, the body and the blood of 

 Christ is not in the miraculous sacrament of the 

 altar, but that this is only during the tasting, neither 

 before nor aftenvards, and that there is not in the 

 consecrated liost or the particles, preserved or remain- 

 ing after the celebration of the Lord's supper, the 

 true body of the Lord anathema sit. 5. If any one 

 says, either that remission of sins is the principal 

 effect of the. sacrament of the altar, or that no other 

 results spring from it anathema sit. 6. If any one 

 says, that the only-begotten Son of God is not to be 

 adored by external worship, in the holy sacrament of 

 Uie altar, and to be revered with particular solemnity, 

 nor to be solemnly carried about in processions, after 

 the praiseworthy and universal usage of the church, 

 nor to be presented publicly to the people, and that 

 those who adore him are idolaters anathema sit. 

 7. If any one says, it is not permitted to keep the 

 holy eucharist in the pix, but that it must be distri- 

 buted immediately after the consecration to the by- 

 standers, or that it is not permitted to bear it reveren- 

 tially to the sick anathema sit. 8. If any one says. 

 that the Christ offered in the eucharist is tasted only 

 spiritually, and not sacramentally and really anathe- 

 ma sit. 9. If any one denies that all Christian believ- 

 ers of either sex, as soon as they are arrived at years 

 of discretion, are bound, after the command of the holy 

 Catholic church, to communicate, at least, at Easter 

 every year anathema sit. 10. If any one says, 

 that it is not permitted to the officiating priest to 

 administer the sacrament to himself anathema sit. 

 11. If any one says, that faith alone is a sufficient 

 preparation for the enjoyment of the holy sacrament 

 anathema sit. The Catholics have still the pros- 

 sens numen, as a pledge that the Lord remains with 

 their church. See Corpus Christi. 



LORENZO DE MEDICI. See Medici. 



LORETTO ; a small town in the States of the 

 Church, about three miles from the sea, in the Marc 

 of Ancona, with a bishop, who is also bishop of 

 Recanati, and 5000 inhabitants, who are principally 

 supported by the resort of pilgrims. Pilgrimages 

 arc made to the casa santa the holy house in the 

 cathedral of Loretto, which is supposed to have 

 been the house of the virgin Mary, and which was 

 carried by the angels (1291) from Galilee to Dal- 

 matia, and thence, in 1294, to Italy, near Recanati, 

 and, finally (1295), to the spot where it now remains. 

 This holy house, which is in the centre of the church, 

 is covered, externally, with marble, and is built of 

 ebony and brick. It is thirty feet long, fifteen wide, 

 and eighteen feet high, and richly ornamented. It 

 has also been imitated at other places (for instance, 

 at Prague). Loretto formerly contained great 

 treasures, collected from the pilgrims. The income 

 of this house once amounted to 30,000 scudi, besides 

 the presents received annually. The pilgrims were 

 estimated at 100,000 yearly. Amongst other curio- 

 sities, a window is shown in the holy house, through 

 which the angel Gabriel appeared to Mary, when he 

 announced the birth of the Saviour. Raphael's 

 painting of the virgin throwing a veil over the infant 

 is beautiful. The treasures were in part, expended 



in paying the contributions imposed by the French 

 (1798) ; the rest was taken possession of by them. 

 They carried the image of the virgin to Paris, but ii 

 was restored with great pomp, December 9, 1 802. 



L'ORIENT; a fortified a-nd regularly built sea- 

 port of France, department of the Morbihan, on the 

 bay of Port Louis, at the influx of the small river 

 Scorf. The harbour is large and secure, and of easy 

 access. It has still some trade, particularly with the 

 French colonies, and is a place of importance, on 

 account of its magazines for the use of the royal 

 navy. The principal manufacture is of salt. Popu- 

 lation, 17,115 j 340 miles VV. by S. of Paris; lat.47 

 45' N. ; Ion. 6 2' W. 



LORME, MARION DE. See Delorme. 



LORRAINE, CLAUDE. See Claude Lorraine. 



LORRAINE (Lotharingia ; in German, Lothrin- 

 geri), so called from Lothaire II., to whom this 

 part of the country fell in the division of the empire 

 between him and his brothers, Louis II. and Charles 

 (854), had previously belonged to the kingdom of 

 Austrasia. It was divided into Lower and Upper 

 Lorraine; the former including all the country be- 

 tween the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt, to the 

 sea ; the latter, the countries between the Rhine and 

 the Moselle, to the Meuse. Lorraine, at a later 

 period, was bounded by Alsace, Franche-Comte, 

 Champagne, Luxemburg, the present Prussian pro- 

 vince of the Lower Rhine, and the Bavarian circle 

 of the Rhine, containing 10,150 square miles, and at 

 present forming the French departments of the 

 Meuse, the Vosges, the Moselle, and the Meurthe, 

 with a population of 1,500,000 inhabitants. Its 

 forests and mountains, among which the principal is 

 the Vosges, are adapted for the raising of cattle, and 

 contain much game ; they also yield copper, salt, 

 iron, tin, and some silver. Salt springs and lakes, 

 abounding with fish, are also to be found. The soil 

 is, for the most part, poor, and not adapted for til- 

 lage. The vine is -cultivated to a considerable ex- 

 tent. The. French and G erman languages are spoken. 

 The people are of G erman origin. Lorraine was for 

 centuries a subject of dispute between France and 

 Germany. It was, for a long time, a fief of the Ger- 

 man empire. On the death of Charles the Bold, 

 duke of Lorraine, in 1431, without male heirs, the 

 country was inherited by his daughter Isabella. The 

 two grandsons of her son-in-law Frederic Antony 

 and Claude founded, in 1508, the principal and 

 collateral Lorraine lines, the latter of which spread 

 in France (the dukes De Guise, D'Aumale, D'El- 

 boeuf, D'Harcourt, belonging to it). From that time 

 forward (1540), France took a decided part in all 

 disputes relating to Lorraine. Charles of Lorraine 

 was driven out, during the thirty years' war, on 

 account of his connexion with Austria. He was 

 restored in 1659, under severe conditions, and, in 

 1662, he consented that Lorraine should go to 

 France on his death, the house of Lorraine oeing 

 recognised as princes of the blood. He was, how- 

 ever, again deposed, and died in the Austrian ser- 

 vice. His brother's grandson Leopold was recog- 

 nised as duke of Lorraine by the peace of Ryswick 

 (1697). France finally succeeded in her intentions, 

 when Stanislaus, father-in-law of Louis XV., and the 

 dethroned king of Poland, by the peace of Vienna 

 (November 8, 1738), received the duchies of Lor- 

 raine and Bar (with the exception of the county of 

 Falkenstein), which, after his death (1766), were 

 united with France. By the second peace of Paris 

 (1815), a small part, with the fortress Saarlouis, was 

 ceded to Germany, and now belongs to the Prussian 

 province of the Lower Rhine. Besides the principal 

 town, Nancy, Luneville has been distinguished by 

 the peace of 1801. Charles Eugene, duke of Lcr- 



