LUCKNOW LUCULLUS. 



579 



ter of Jupiter and Juno), is derived either from lucus 

 (srove, because her temple stood in a grove), or lux 

 (light, because children are brought to light at birth), 

 or from luceo (I shine, as denoting the moon). Her 

 festival was celebrated March 1, on which occasion 

 the matrons assembled in her temple, adorned it with 

 flowers, and implored a happy and brave posterity, 

 fecundity and an easy delivery. See llithyia. 



LUCKNOW; a city of Bengal, capital of a drear 

 of the same name, in Oude, situated on the Goomty ; 

 95 miles N. N. \V. of Allahabad, and 215 S. E. of 

 Delhi ; Ion. 80 55' E.; lat. 26 24' N.; population, 

 in 1800, estimated at upwards of 300,000; since that 

 time it is thought to have diminished; it was formerly 

 estimated as high as 500,000. It is a very ancient 

 city, and the residence of the governors or nabobs of 

 Oude. It is by no means a handsome town, the 

 streets being very irregular and narrow ; some of the 

 houses of brick, but most of them mud walls, covered 

 with tiles. The situation is bad, and the soil is a 

 white sand, which, in hot weather, is driven about by 

 the wind, and pervades every thing. The gilded domes 

 of the mosques and the mausoleum of Azoph ud 

 Dowleh give it a gay appearance at a distance. In 

 the vicinity of the city stand the houses of the British 

 resident and other European inhabitants. The 

 Goomty is navigable for middling-sized vessels at all 

 seasons. 



LUCON, or LUCONIA ; the principal of the 

 Philippine islands, in the Eastern seas belonging to 

 Spain, sometimes called Manilla, from its capital; 

 between lat. 13 and 19 N. ; Ion. 120 to 124 E. ; 

 about 400 miles from north to south, and from 90 to 

 120 in breadth ; square miles, about 65,000. The 

 country is generally mountainous, an elevated ridge 

 extending the whole length. There are several vol- 

 canoes, and earthquakes are frequent, and sometimes 

 destructive ; those of 1650, 1754, and 1824, are still 

 remembered with terror. The climate is moist, but 

 temperate for the latitude, and the soil fertile. Cot- 

 ton, indigo, sugar, tobacco, coffee, and other tropical 

 produce, grow in great abundance ; also the richest 

 fruits of the East and West Indies. There are forty 

 different sorts of palm-trees, excellent cocoas and 

 cassia, wild cinnamon, wild nutmegs, ebony, sandal- 

 wood, and excellent timber for ship-building. Gold 

 is found upon the mountains, and is washed down by 

 rains. Cattle abound ; civet cats are common, and 

 ambergris is thrown upon the coasts in great quanti- 

 ties. The commerce is considerable ; the principal 

 exports are indigo, coffee, pepper, rice, sugar, and 

 pearls. In 1827, of eighty-one vessels engaged in 

 this trade, twenty-nine were Spanish and twenty-one 

 American. The population is 1,376,000, and is com- 

 posed of Spaniards, who are few, aboriginal blacks, 

 Malays, Metis, and Creoles. The negroes are chiefly 

 in the interior, and are in a very barbarous state. 

 The Malays, among whom the principal tribe is the 

 Tagals, are in part independent, and in part subject 

 to the Spaniards. Brave, active, gay, and industrious, 

 when not ruined by the tyranny of the Europeans, 

 they are rendered by oppression cruel and rapacious. 

 Lugon was discovered by Magellan, in 1511, and 

 conquere.l by the Spaniards in 1571. See Philip- 

 pines. 



LUCRETIA ; a Roman lady of distinguished vir- 

 tue, whose ill treatment by Sextus Tarquin led to the 

 destruction of the kingdom, and the formation of the 

 republic of Rome. She was the wife of Collatinus, a 

 near relation of Tarquin, king of Rome. Sextus 

 Tarquinius, who contrived to become a guest in the 

 absence of her husband, whose kinsman he was, 

 found means to reach her chamber in the middle of 

 the night, and threatened, unless she gratified his de- 

 sires, to stab her, kill a slave, and place him by her 



side, and then swear that he had slain them both in 

 the act of adultery. The fear of infamy succeeded. 

 She afterwards summoned her husband, father, and 

 kindred, and, after acquainting them with the whole 

 transaction, drew a dagger and stabbed herself to the 

 heart. See Brutus, Lucius Junius. 



LUCRETIUS, TITUS CAROS, a Roman knight, 

 probably born 92 B.C., is supposed to have studied 

 the Epicurean philosophy at Athens. He is said to 

 have been made insane by a philtre, and, in his lucid 

 intervals, to have produced several works, but to 

 have committed suicide in his forty-fourth year. We 

 possess, of his composition, a didactic poem, in six 

 books, De Rerum Natura, in which he exhibits the 

 principles of the Epicurean philosophy with an origi- 

 nal imagination, and in forcible language. The un- 

 poetical subject of the poem must, of itself, make it, 

 on the whole, a failure ; but parts, notwithstanding, 

 such as the description of human misery, the force of 

 the passions, the terrible pestilence of Greece, &c., 

 demonstrate that Lucretius was possessed of great 

 poetical talents. By reason of his antiquated terms, 

 and the new meanings which he gave to words, 

 Quintilian himself regarded his poem as very hard 

 to be understood. The principal editions are those of 

 Creech (Oxford, 1695 ; London, 1717; Basle, 1770, 

 &c.), of Havercamp, (Leyden, 1725, 2 vols., 4to), 

 and of Wakefield (London, 1796, 3 vols. 4to). A 

 masterly German translation, in the metre of the 

 original, has been executed by Knebel (Leipsic, 1821, 

 4to). The Italian version by Marchetti, and the 

 French by Pongerville, are also good. The poem 

 has also been translated into English by Creech, by 

 Busby, and by Good. Good's translation is accom- 

 panied by the text of Wakefield, and by elaborate, 

 annotations. 



LUCULLUS, Lucius LICINIUS ; the conqueror of 

 Mithridates. Being chosen aedilis curulis, at the 

 same time with his brother Marcus Licinius, he mani- 

 fested in the Marsian war, ability and courage. In 

 the civil wars of Sylla and Marius, he sided with the 

 former. In the year of the city 679, he was appointed 

 consul and commander of the army which was to pro- 

 ceed to Cilicia against Mithridates. Having already 

 served against Mithridates with an inferior command 

 during his questorship, he was acquainted with this 

 country. He first sought to restore the ancient dis- 

 cipline, which the Roman soldiers had forgotten 

 among the voluptuous Asiatics. Mithridates had 

 already made a victorious beginning of the campaign 

 by a naval battle with the consul Aurelius Cotta, the 

 colleague of Lucullus. Lucullus was therefore com- 

 pelled to hasten the attack of his land forces. But 

 when he approached the army of Mithridates, and 

 ascertained its strength, he deemed it judicious to 

 avoid a decisive battle, and contented himself with 

 cutting off the king's communications. Mithridates 

 now advanced with a considerable force to besiege 

 the city of Cyzicum, the key of Asia, then in the pos- 

 session of the Romans. Lucullus, however, defeated 

 his rearguard on their march thither, and compelled 

 the king to give up his attempt. Lucullus now ad- 

 vanced to the coasts of the Hellespont, prepared a 

 fleet, and vanquished the squadron of Mithridates 

 near the island of Lemnos. This victory enabled him 

 to drive all the other squadrons of Mithridates from 

 the Archipelago. The generals of Lucullus subdued, 

 meanwhile, all Bithynia and Paphlagonia. Lucullus, 

 again at the head of his army, conquered various 

 cities of Pontus, and, although overcome by Mithri- 

 dates in a battle, he soon acquired such advantages, 

 that he finally broke up the hostile army, and Mithri- 

 dates himself sought protection in Armenia. Luculius 

 now changed Pontus into a Roman province. Tigranes 

 refusing to surrender Mithridates to the Romans, 

 2o 2 



