5SO 



LUDDITES LUKE. 



Lucullus marched against Armenia, and vanqui>hed 

 Tigranes. Mithrutates, however, contended with 

 various fortune, till Lucullus was prevented from 

 i-<>iitiiiuiii the war against him effectually, by the 

 muiiny of his soldiers, who accused him, perhaps not 

 unjustly, of avarice and covetousness. In Home, 

 the dissatisfaction of the soldiers towards Lucullus 

 was found well-grounded; he was deprived of the 

 chief command, and recalled. He was received, 

 however, by the patricians, with every mark of 

 respect, and obtained a splendid triumph. From this 

 time, Lucullus remained a private individual, spend- 

 ing in profuse voluptuousness the immense riches 

 which he had brought with him from Asia, without, 

 however, abandoning the more noble and serious 

 occupations of a cultivated mind. During his resi- 

 dence as questor in Macedonia, and as general in the 

 M ithridatic wars, he had become intimate with the 

 most distinguished philosophers. His principal in- 

 structer was the academician Antiochus, who accom- 

 panied him in some of his campaigns. Lucullus 

 w;is therefore most interested in the Platonic system. 

 After his return, he pursued the study of philosophy, 

 induced many scholars to come to Rome, and allowed 

 them free access to his house. He also founded, by 

 means of Tyrannion, whom he had taken prisoner in 

 the M ithridatic war, an extensive library, which was 

 free to every one, and of which Cicero made diligent 

 use. His example, also, induced other distinguished 

 Romans to draw learned men to Rome at their 

 expense. At last, he is said to have lost his reason 

 in consequence of a philtre, administered by his 

 freedman Callisthenes, so that it was necessary to 

 place him under the guardianship of his brother. 

 He soon after died, in his sixty-sixth or sixty-eighth 

 year. Lucullus first transplanted the cherry-tree to 

 Rome from Cerasus, in Pontus, 680 years after the 

 building of the city. 



LUDDITES; a name given, some years since, in 

 England, to the rioters who destroyed the machinery 

 in the manufacturing towns. They were so called 

 from one of their leaders, named Ludd. 



LUDLOW, EDMUND, a distinguished leader of the 

 republican party in the civil wars of Charles I., the 

 eldest son of Sir Henry Ludlow, was born about 

 1602, at Maiden Bradley, in the county of Wilts, 

 and received his education at Oxford, whence he 

 removed to the Temple, in order to study the law. 

 He served with distinction in the parliamentary 

 army, and when " the self-denying ordinance" took 

 place, he remained out of any ostensible situation, 

 until chosen member for Wiltshire, in the place of 

 his father. At this time, the machinations of Crom- 

 well becoming visible, he was opposed by Ludlow 

 with firmness and openness. With a view of estab- 

 lishing a republic, he joined the army against the 

 parliament, when the latter voted the king's conces- 

 sions a basis for treaty, and was also one of Charles's 

 judges. With a view of removing him, Cromwell 

 caused him to be nominated general of horse in 

 Ireland, where he joined the army under Ireton, and 

 acted with great vigour and ability. When Cromwell 

 was declared protector, Ludlow used all his influence 

 with the army against him, on which account he was 

 recalled, and put under arrest. Although he refused 

 to enter into any engagement not to act against the 

 government, he was at length allowed to go to 

 London, where, in a conversation with Cromwell 

 himself, he avowed his republican principles, and, 

 refusing all security or engagement for submission, 

 he retired into Essex, where he remained until the 

 death of the protector. When Richard Cromwell 

 succeeded, he joined the army party at Wallingford- 

 hoiiM-, and was instrumental in the restoration of the 

 long parliament, in which he took his seat. The 



restoration was now rapidly approaching, and, find- 

 ing the republicans unable to resist it, he quitted the 

 country, and proceeded to Geneva, whence he after- 

 wards, with many more fugitives of the party, took 

 refuge at Lausanne, where Lisle was assassinated by 

 some English royalists. Similar attempts were made 

 on the lives of Ludlow and others; but his caution, 

 and the vigilance of the magistracy of Berne, pro- 

 tected him, and he passed the remainder of his life 

 at Vevay, with the exception of a brief visit to 

 England after the revolution, from which he was 

 driven by a motion in parliament for his apprehension, 

 by Sir Edward Seymour, the leader of the tory party. 

 He closed his life in exile, in 1693, being then in his 

 seventy-third year. Ludlow was one ot the purest 

 and most honourable characters on the republican 

 side, without any fanaticism or hypocrisy. His 

 Memoirs contain many particulars in relation to the 

 general history of the times: they are written in a 

 manly, unaffected style, and are replete with valuable 

 matter. 



LUFF; the order of the helmsman to put the tiller 

 towards the lee-side of the ship, in order to make the 

 ship sail nearer the direction of the wind. 



LUGDUNUM; the Latin name of several cities; 

 1. a colony of the Romans, also called Lugdunus, 

 the present Lyons (q. v.), though not on precisely 

 the same spot. 2. Lugdunum Batavorum (Lugd. 

 Bat.); a city in Gallia Belgica, at a later period, in 

 the middle ages, called Leithis; at present, Leyden 

 (q. v.); hence, on the title page of classics, Lugdnni 

 Batavorum, many of which are very fine editions. 



3. Lugdunum ; a city of the Convenaj, in Gallia 

 Aquitania, most probably the present St Bertrand. 



4. Lugdunensis (Gallia) was the name given, in the 

 time of Augustus, to a part of Caesar's Gallia Celtica. 

 There were Lugdunensis Prima, afterwards Lyon- 

 nais; Lugdunensis Secunda, afterwards Normandy, 

 Lugdunensis Tertia, afterwards Touraine, Maine, 

 Anjou, and Brittany ; Lugdunensis Quarta, or 

 Senonia, comprising part of Champagne, south of the 

 Manir, the southern part of Isle de France, Chartrain, 

 Perche, and Orleannais. 



LUGGER; a vessel carrying three masts, with a 

 running bowsprit, upon which she sets lug-sails, and 

 sometimes has top-sails adapted to them. 



LUG-SAIL; a quadrilateral sail bent upon a yard, 

 which hangs obliquely to the mast, at one third of 

 its length. These are more particularly used in 

 the barcalongas, navigated by the Spaniards in the 

 Mediterranean. 



LUKE; author of one of the Gospels, which is 

 distinguished for fulness, accuracy, and traces of 

 extensive information; also of the Acts of the Apos- 

 tles, in which he gives a methodical account of the 

 origin of the Christian church, and, particularly, of 

 the travels of the apostle Paul. Though these two 

 books were designed merely for his friend Theophilus, 

 they soon attained a canonical authority, and were 

 publicly read in the churches. Concerning the cir- 

 cumstances of the life of this evangelist, nothing 

 certain is known, except that he was a Jew by birth, 

 was a contemporary of the apostles, and could have 

 heard accounts of the life of Jesus from the mouths 

 of eye-witnesses, and was for several years a com- 

 panion of the apostle Paul, in his travels; so that, 

 in the Acts of the Apostles, he relates what lie him- 

 self had seen and participated in. The conjecture 

 that he was a physician is more probable than the 

 tradition which makes him a painter, and which 

 attributes to him an old picture of Christ, preserved 

 at Rome. On account of this latter tradition, how- 

 ever, he is the patron saint of painters, and a cele- 

 brated academy of these artists, at Rome bears his 



