LVSIPPUS M. 



595 



conqueror. He restored to the king of the Getae the 

 countries which he had gained beyond the Ister, and 

 gave him his daughter in marriage. From this time, 

 the power of Lysimachus became more and more 

 extended, till his domestic relations involved him 

 and his kingdom in ruin. Having put away his first 

 wife, he married Arsinoe, a daughter of Ptolemy, 

 who led him to commit many acts of folly, and even 

 prevailed upon him to murder Agathocles, his son by 

 Ills first wife, in order to secure the succession to her 

 own children. The virtues of Agathocles had 

 gained him many powerful friends, who determined 

 to take vengeance upon his weak and cruel father. 

 They fled to Seleucus, and engaged him in a war 

 against Lysimachus. Seleucus conquered all Asia 

 Minor almost without a blow. A general battle was 

 fought at Couropedium, in Phrygia, and, after a 

 valiant resistance, Lysimachus was totally defeated 

 and slain, B. C. 282, in the seventy-fourth year of 

 his age. 



LYSIPPUS ; a sculptor, who flourished in Sicyon, 

 about 330 B. C., in the time of Alexander the Great. 

 Alexander would permit no one but Apelles to paint 

 his portrait, and no one but Lysippus to make his 

 statue. The statues of Lysippus were principally 

 portraits. He was first a coppersmith, and after- 

 wards devoted himself to sculpture. The painter 

 Eupompus, whom he asked what master he should 

 follow, told him to follow nature. His statues were 

 wrought with much greater beauty and elegance than 

 those of his predecessors. He made the body more 

 slender ; the head smaller ; the hair more natural, 

 flowing, and delicate ; he avoided angularity, and 

 endeavoured to give to every part more roundness 

 and softness of outline. He used to say, he repre- 

 sented men as they appeared to his imagination, but 

 his predecessors represented them as they really 

 were. Even the minutest parts were laboured with 

 the greatest care. It is not known whether lie ex- 

 ecuted any marble statues, but many in bronze are 

 still preserved. The most celebrated are, a man 

 rubbing himself in a bath (Apoxyomenus) ; several 

 vtatues of Alexander, representing him in all the 

 different stages of his life ; a group of Satyrs, which 

 was found at Athens ; Alexander and his friends, a 

 number of statues which were intended to bear an 

 exact resemblance to the original; and a colossal 

 Jupiter at Tarentum. The first mentioned statue 

 (Apoxyomenus) was placed by Agrippa in front of 

 the public baths at Rome. The emperor, Tiberius, 

 having removed it to his palace, was compelled by 



the populace to restore it to its original station. It 

 has been supposed that the mutilated statue now at 

 Rome, called the Torso, which was so much admired 

 by Michael Angelo, is in fact the remaining portion 

 of this very celeorated statue ; although Winckleman 

 considered it as being a fragment of a Hercules re- 

 posing after his labours. 



LYTTLETON, GEORGE, lord, an elegant writer 

 and historian, was the eldest son of Sir Thomas 

 Lyttleton, baronet, of Hagley, in Worcestershire, 

 where he was born in January, 1709. In his nine- 

 teenth year, he set out upon a tour to the continent, 

 and, on his return, in 1730, was chosen member of 

 parliament for Okehampton, and concurred in the 

 measures of the opposition, led by Pitt and Pulteney. 

 When Frederic, prince of Wales, formed a separate 

 court, in 1737, he was appointed his secretary. On 

 the expulsion of Walpole, he was appointed one of 

 the lords of the treasury ; but, although he spoke 

 with elegance and fluency, his oratory wanted force, 

 and he never attained the rank of a political leader. 

 In early life, he had imbibed sceptical opinions ; but, 

 being subsequently led into a conviction of the divine 

 origin of Christianity, he composed his well-known 

 Dissertation on the Conversion of St Paul, first 

 printed in 1747. About this time he lost his first 

 wife, on whom he wrote the celebrated monody, and, 

 in 1749, married a lady from whom, after a few 

 years, he separated by mutual consent. In 1751, he 

 succeeded his father in his title and ample estate, 

 and, by his elegance and taste, rendered Hagley one 

 of the most delightful residences in the kingdom. At 

 the dissolution of the ministry, he was raised to the 

 peerage by the title of baron Lyttleton, of Frankley, 

 in the county of Worcester. From this time, he lived 

 chiefly in literary retirement, and, in 1760, published 

 his Dialogues of the Dead. The latter years of his 

 life were chiefly occupied in his History of Henry II., 

 which is the result of assiduous research, but too 

 prolix. He died in August, 1773, in the sixty-fourth 

 year of his age, leaving a son, who succeeded him 

 in his titles, and, with great talents, became conspic- 

 uous for a conduct entirely opposite to that of his 

 father. The poems of lord Lyttleton maintain a place 

 among the collection of British poets, for their correct 

 versification, and delicacy of sentiment, rather than 

 for higher qualities. His miscellanies, in prose, also 

 display good taste, and a cultivated mind. His 

 works were first collected and printed, in 1774, 4 to, 

 and since in 8vo. See Johnson's Lives of the 

 Poets. 





M 



M ; the thirteenth letter and the tenth consonant in 

 the English alphabet, a labial, produced by a slight 

 expiration with a compression of the lips. It is one 

 of the liquids or semivowels, and was not therefore 

 considered by the Romans a consonant ; but, was 

 very faintly pronounced, rather as a rest between two 

 syllables, than as an articulate letter (Quint, ix. 4), 

 which explains why it was subject to elision. 1. It 

 is one of the first letters which children learn to 

 pronounce, in connexion with the easy vowel a. (See 

 A.) 2. It passes easily into other letters, losing 

 itself in the preceding or succeeding letters a cir- 

 cumstance which the etymologist must bear in mind, 

 ui seeking the derivation or connexion of words hav- 



ing an m in their root ; thus, for instance, the German 

 flange (cheek) is the ancient Mangon, and the 

 middle Latin gives hombarius as well as hobarius. 

 The Italians use o for the Latin um, at the end of 

 words. We even find the m suppressed at the end 

 of words, on some ancient medals and inscriptions ; 

 thus, on the medals of the .Kmilian and Plautian 

 families, we find PREIVERNV. CAPTV. ; on others, 

 AVGVSTORV. If the m is fully pronounced, the 

 sound passes partly through the nose, as is also the 

 case with . Hence, in French, it is nasal at the 

 end of a word, as in parfum, faim, some foreign 

 words excepted, as Abraham, Jerusalem. The mem 

 of the Hebrews, as a numeral, signified forty ; the 

 2 i' 2 



