640 



MALLOUINES MALPLAQUET. 



tion of captain Dillon, who went on a voyage of in- 

 vestigation, in 1827 (Narrative, &c., 2 vols., 8vo, 

 Li nJoii, 1829). The relics which he obtained from 

 the island, were identified by Lesseps, who had left 

 Lape'rouse in Kamstschatka, and by Betham, as hav. 

 ,111.: the armorial bearings of Colignon, botanist on 

 board the frigate. According to the information 

 obtained by captain Dillon, two ships had been thrown 

 ashore ; the crew of one perished ; the people of the 

 other built a small vessel, and went to sea ; what 

 became of them is not known ; of two Frenchmen 

 who had remained on the island, one died about three 

 years before the arrival of captain Dillon ; the other 

 had followed the fortunes of a defeated chief to some 

 other island. Lesseps has published (Paris, 1831) 

 the I'oyage de Lapirouse, with all the documents 

 and results of the researches since made to discover 

 his fate. This island must not be confounded with 

 Malicolo, one of the New Hebrides, in lat. 16 30' S., 

 Ion. 167 50' E. 



MALLOUINES, or MALOU1NES. See Falkland 

 Islands. 



MALMAISON; a chateau, two and a half leagues 

 from Paris, and one and a half from Versailles, in 

 one of the most charming situations in the vicinity of 

 the great metropolis. It was the residence of Jose- 

 phine, who died there in 1814, and whose grave is 

 indicated by a simple monument. In its beautiful 

 walks, Napoleon loved to find recreation from the 

 cares of state. It received its name (malus domus) 

 from its having been erected on the spot where the 

 Normans landed on one of their incursions in the 

 ninth century. 



MALMESBURY, WILLIAM OF, an ancient Eng- 

 lish historian of the twelfth century, was born in 

 Somersetshire, on which account he was sometimes 

 called Somersetanus. He relates that, when he was 

 a child, he had a great inclination for learning, which 

 was encouraged by his parents, and it is supposed 

 that he was educated at Oxford. He became a 

 monk of Malmesbury, and was elected librarian of 

 the monastery. He studied all the sciences of his 

 time, but attached himself particularly to history, 

 and finding that a satisfactory account of his own 

 country was wanting, he determined to write one, 

 "not," as he himself says, " to display his learning, 

 which is no great matter, but to bring to light things 

 that are covered with the rubbish of antiquity." His 

 De Regibus Anglorum is a general history of Eng- 

 land, in five books, from the arrival of the Saxons, 

 in 449, to the twenty-sixth Henry I., in 1126; a mo- 

 dern history, in two books, from that year to the 

 escape of the empress Maud from Oxford, in 1143; 

 with a church history of England, in four books, pub- 

 lished in Sir H. Savile's collection (1596). He dis- 

 covers great diligence, good sense, and modesty. 

 His Antiquities of Glastonbury was printed by Gale, 

 and his Life of St Aldhelm, by Wharton. He died 

 in 1148. 



MALMSEY WINE is a sweet wine, made from a 

 grape originally brought from Monembasia, a small 

 town on the south-east coast of the Morea. The 

 English call the place by its Italian name, Mulvasia, 

 and the French, Malvoisie; hence the name of the 

 wine, Malmsey (vin de Malvoisie). Much of the 

 Malmsey now used is made from a grape grown on 

 rocky ground, in Madeira, exposed to the full influ- 

 ence of the sun. It is left to hang about a month 

 later than the grapes used for the dry wines, and is 

 not gathered until partially withered. See Hender- 

 son, Hist, of Wines, 250. 



M ALOES, ST (properly, St Malo); a seaport on 

 the western coast of France; lat. 48 39' N.; Ion. 2 C 

 i' W.; population, 9860. It is situated on a penin- 

 sula, which is connected with the main land by a 



narrow causey (the Sillou). The harbour is large 

 and commodious, but difficult of access. The forti- 

 fications are extensive and strong. The inhabitants 

 are active, liardy, intelligent seamen, and are occu- 

 pied in tin- cod and whale fisheries, in the East India 

 and colonial trade. Wine, brandy, tobacco, salted 

 provisions, hemp and tar, are the principal articles 

 of ti-uile. In 1622, this place fitted out twenty-two 

 privateers; in 1711, it gave 30,000,000 livres to Louis 

 XIV. It is the native city of Maupertuis, Duguay- 

 Trouin, and Cartier, the discoverer of Canada. 



MALONE, EDMUND, a commentator and editor of 

 Shakspeare, was born at Dublin, in 1741. After 

 completing his studies at Trinity college, he entered 

 at the Inner Temple, London, and was called to the 

 bar in 1767. Possessing a competent fortune, he 

 gave up his profession, and employed himself in 

 literary pursuits. After having been the coadjutor 

 of Steevens, in his edition of Shakspeare's plays, Mr 

 Malone quarrelled with that gentleman, and pul> 

 lished an edition of his own, in 11 vols., 8vo, 1790. 

 He also published an Inquiry into certain Papers 

 attributed to Shakspeare (see Ireland}; biographical 

 memoirs of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Dryden, W. Gerard 

 Hamilton, &c. He died May 25, 1812. 



MALPIGHI, MARCELLO; an eminent Italian phy- 

 sician and anatomist of the seventeenth century. He 

 was born in 1628, near Bologna, and studied in the 

 university of that city. He was admitted M.D. in 

 1653, and, three years after, was appointed to the 

 medical chair. The grand duke of Tuscany invited 

 him to become professor of medicine at Pisa, where 

 he staid three years, and, in 1660, returned to occupy 

 his former office at Bologna. He was tempted by a 

 high stipend to accept the professorship of medicine 

 at Messina, in Sicily; but the jealousy of his col- 

 leagues rendered him uneasy, and he again settled 

 at Bologna, in 1666. He was elected a fellow of 

 the royal society of London in 1669, and communi- 

 cated to that association various anatomical dis- 

 coveries relative to the minute structure of animal 

 bodies, the results of microscopical observations. 

 Pope Innocent XII., in 1691, called him to Rome, 

 and appointed him his physician, chamberlain, and 

 domestic prelate, which posts he held till his death, 

 in 1694. His works, relating to anatomy, physio- 

 logy, and vegetable anatomy, comprise much curious 

 and important information on the brain, the nerves, 

 the spleen, the uterus, &c.; also on silk-worms, the 

 formation of the foetus in the egg, on glands, on the 

 anatomy of vegetables, &c. His complete works 

 have been often published (London, 1687, &c.). His 

 posthumous works were published at London (1697, 

 folio), and republished at Venice and Leyden. Gas- 

 parini published his Consult. Med. Centuria at Padua 

 (1713). Although Malpighi is not free from errors, 

 yet he contributed much to the progress of physio- 

 logy, and deserves a distinguished place among dis- 

 coverers. 



MALPLAQUET, BATTLE OF (Sept. 11, 1709); 

 the bloodiest in the war of the Spanish succession, 

 gained by Marlborough and Eugene, the command- 

 ers of the allies, against the French under Villars. 

 After the capture of Tournay, the allies wished to 

 invest Mons, the capital of Hainault. To prevent 

 this, Villars marched against them: an older marshal, 

 the noble and valiant Bouflers, served under him as 

 a volunteer. The French army was 70,000 strong, 

 with eighty pieces of cannon. The allies, who num- 

 bered about 80,000 men, with 140 pieces of cannon, 

 commenced the attack, near the wood in the neigh- 

 bourhood of the villages of Blangies and Malplaquet. 

 Marlborough commanded the British troops, and 

 the German troops in the British pay, on the right 

 wing. Eugene led the centre; Tilly and a count 



