MAMMALIA. 



651 



Orycteropui Capensis. Cape Ant-Eater, pi. 54. f. 31. 

 No incisors or canines; molars 6 % separate; head 

 elongated; fore feet four-toed; nails strong; hind feet 

 five-toed, plantigrade; nails strong, hoof-shaped. 



Myrmecophaga jubaia. Great Ant-Eater, pi. 55. f. 6. 

 Destitute of teeth ; head greatly elongated, muzzle taper- 

 ing to a point; tongue long, protractile; toes united to 

 the hase of the nails ; fore feet four-toed, hind five-toed ; 

 in some species two before and four behind , nails strong, 

 fitted for digging ; tail long, sometimes prehensile. 



Manis Crassicaudata. Indian Manis, pi. 54. f. 28. 

 No teeth; muzzle acute; tongue protractile ; body elon- 

 gated, covered with corneous imbricated scales; feet five- 

 toed ; nails strong, fitted for digging ; tail long, covered 

 with scales. 



Chlamyphorus truncatus. Truncated Chlamyphorus, 

 pi. 54. f. 2. Neither incisors nor canines; molars i f ; 

 head pointed, broad above ; body covered with a coriace- 

 ous shell, composed of transverse plates ; under parts with 

 a coating of fine silky hairs ; tail rigid ; claws very strong. 



Echidna hystrix. Spiny Echidna, pi. 54. f- 60. Des- 

 stitute of teeth, the palate aculeated ; muzzle flat, narrow 

 and small ; tongue protractile ; eyes small ; no external 

 ears ; feet with five toes ; hind legs with a pointed spur, 

 through which an acrid secretion is ejected; tail short, 

 body covered with stiff spines. 



Ornithorynchus rvfus. Duck-billed Platj-pus, pi. 54- 

 f. 61. Destitute of incisors and. canines ; molars f f, which 

 are fixed only in the gums ; muzzle horny, elongated and 

 depressed, resembling the bill of a duck; five toes on 

 each toot, united by a membrane ; male with a spur in 

 the hind legs; tail flattened. The Bill is represented 

 pi. 52. f. 49 ; a fore foot, f. 47. and a hind foot, f. 31. 



ORDER VIII. PACHYDERMATA. 



Thick skinned animals, with three kinds of teeth, feet 

 provided with toes, variable in number, and terminated 

 with strong nails or hoofs, destitute of clavicles. 



FAMILY I. PROBOSCIDKA. 



Upper incisors in the form of tusks ; molars compound, 

 few in number; five toes on all the feet ; provided with 

 a proboscis. 



Elephas Indicus. Indian Elephant, pi. 55. f. 1. In- 

 cisors 5, in the form of enormous tusks; molare f f; nose 

 elongated into a cylindrical tapering proboscis, moveable 

 in all directions, with a finger-like process at its tip, and 

 with which it has the power of grasping; head very large, 

 ears large, flat; neck short; tail of medium length, pro- 

 vided with a tuft of hair. 



Loxodonta Africanus. African Elephant, pi. 55. f. 2. 

 Dentary formula same as the above; ears very large; tail 

 short; proboscis very thick at the base; fore feet with five 

 toes, and four on the hind, which have but three hoofs. 



Mastodon giganteum. Mammoth, pi. 52. f. 42. In- 

 cisors ; no canines; molars f f , triangular without corti- 

 cal substance ; crowns with points disposed in pairs; tusks 

 nine feet long; height of animal to the withers eleven 

 feet. Found fossil only, in North America. Grinder 

 of Mammoth, pi. 52, f. 16. 



FAMILY II. TRUE PACHYDERMATA. 



Mostly with three kinds of teeth, two at least, in others 

 feet with four or two toes. 



Hippopotamus amphibius. Hippopotamus, pL 53. f. 

 48. Incisors 1 ; canines * J ; molars y f ; head thick and 

 square; eyes and ears very small; legs short; feet with 

 four nearly equal toes, provided with small hoofs; body 

 thick and heavy; skin destitute of hair. 



Sus scropha. Domestic Hog, pi. 54. f. 34. Incisors 

 J or -| ; canines H; molars i? ; nose elongated, cartilagin- 

 ous and provided with a bone to the snout; feet four- toed, 

 the two middle ones only touching the ground, provided 

 with strong hoofs; body covered with bristles. 



Phascolicems Africanus. /Ethiopian Boar, pi. 54. 

 f. 35. Incisors { ; canines \ i, forming large rounded 

 tusks, directed upwards from the sides of the jaws; 

 molars J J, composed of cylinders, united by a corlicle ; 



head large, cheeks with large fleshy lobes, feet cleft like 

 the hog. 



Dicotyles subniger. Collared Peccary, pi. 55. f. 3. 

 Incisors i ; canines I } ; grinders { { : canines not pro- 

 jecting beyond the mouth ; four toes on the fore feet, and 

 three on the hind ; loins with a glandulous opening, 

 secreting a fetid humour; a tubercle in place of a tail. 



Ano]>lotherium rulgaris. Greater Anoplotherium, pi. 

 52. f. 43. and skeleton, pi. 66. f. 2. Incisors J ; canines 

 1 I, molars I I, all the teeth in one line ; general form 

 supposed to be between that of the horse and rhinoceros, 

 feet with two toes. Found in a fossil state only. 



Rhinoceros Indicus. Indian Rhinoceros, pi. 55. f. 5. 

 Teeth varying with the species, the incisors either J or 

 i; no canines; molars J !, or $ { ; nose with one or two 

 horns ; feet three-toed ; tail short, compressed at the 

 tip ; skin very thick, naked and rugose. 



Hyrax Capensis. Cape Hyrax, pi. 55. f. 4. Incisors 

 }, the upper very strong, curved inwards, and detached 

 from the molars : molars J i ; anterior feet, with three 

 or four toes, posterior with four, the inner one provided 

 with a crooked nail. 



Palaeotherium minus, the little Palseotherium, pi. 65. 

 f. 38. Incisors | ; canines i * ; molars y y : incisors wedge- 

 shaped and parallel ; canines conical, crossing each other; 

 molars square, with four roots, ridged with enamel, 

 separated from the canines by a vacant space ; general 

 form of the skull like that of the tapir. 



Tapirus Americanus. American Tapir, pi. 55. f. 16. 

 Incisors I, intermediate, shorter than the exterior; 

 canines } {, moderate, detached ; molars y y ; their 

 crowns forming two transverse ridges; fore feet four- 

 toed ; hind feet three-toed ; nose capable of being elon- 

 gated into a short trunk. 



FAMILY III. SOLIDUNGULA. 



With three kinds of teeth ; only one visible toe, and a 

 strong hoof on each foot. 



Equus Asinus. Ass, pi. 54. f. 32. Incisors | ; the 

 crowns hollow when young ; canines \ i ; molars \ \ ; 

 eyes large ; ears full, pointed, and erect ; upper lip ca- 

 pable of considerable motion ; feet with a single visible 

 toe, covered with strong hoofs; tail with long hairs, in 

 some species with a tuft at the extremity. 



ORDER IX. RUMINANTIA. 



With three kinds of teeth, but destitute of incisors 

 in the upper jaw, without clavicles; feet with two- 

 hoofed toes ; metacarpal and metatarsal bones united -, 

 organs of digestion calculated for ruminating, and con- 

 sisting of four stomachs ; they feed on vegetables ; and 

 embrace a wide geographical range. 



TRIBE I. CAMELID^E. 



Feet with horny soles ; canines in both sexes ; no 

 horns. 



Camelus Bactrianus. Bactrian Camel, pi. 54. f. 62. 

 Incisors J ; canines f 1, conical, straight, and strong ; 

 false grinders 1 1, detached ; true molars { J ; head 

 long, nostrils slit obliquely, upper lip cleft, eyes large, 

 ears small ; feet with only two free toes, ending in crook- 

 ed nails, tail medium length; four ventral mamma?; 

 back with one or two protuberances. 



Auchenia glama. The Lama, pi. 54. f. 51. Incisors 

 J ; canines i i, strong, straight, and conical ; false 

 molars { | ; true molars { J ; ears long and pointed ; 

 tail short; two ventral mammse; no protuberance on 

 the back. 



TRIBE II. CEKVID.S. 



Feet bisulcated ; no horns; males with canines in the 

 upper jaw. 



Moschus Moschiferus. Thibet Musk, pi, 55. f. 12. In- 

 cisors ! ; canines i i ; molars J { ; the canines of the 

 male are long, and project out of the mouth; hind 

 quarters higher than the fore; feet with cleft toofs; 



