652 



MAMMALIA. 



tall very short; two inguinal mammae; destitute of 

 horns. 



Vrn-us \Vallicltii. Nepaul slag, pi. 55. f. 11. In- 

 cisors | ; canines J J in the male, none in the female; 

 molars J \ ; head long, terminated by a muzzle; eyes 

 large, pupil transversely elongated ; most species with a 

 lachrymal sinus; ears long ; horns solid, deciduous, pal- 

 inateil, branched or simple, in the mule only ; mamma: 

 lour, inguinal. 



Alces. Elk. No canines; horns united into one 

 palm, more or less indented ; no muzzle ; tail very short. 

 American Elk. 



Capreolus. Roebuck. Destitute of canine teeth and 

 lachrymal sinus; horns nearly allied to the elk's; a 

 small antler to the front, high over the beam, and the 

 superior part being turned backwards forms a fork. 



Subulo. Brocket. Muzzle widened to a glandular 

 termination near the nostrils; lachrymal sinus small; 

 horns simple, without branches or processes. Pitta 

 Brocket. 



Stylocerus. Munljak. Canirie teeth, (mostly found 

 in the males) long; muzzle small; suborbital sinus 

 deep; horns small, with one anterior process only, stand- 

 ing upon elevated pedicles. Philippine Muntjak. 



TRIBE III. GIRAFFIDJS. 



Frontal process prolonged in the form of horns, cov- 

 ered with a hairy skin in both sexes. 



Cameleopardalis Giraffa. Giraffe, pi. 55. f. 9. Inci- 

 sors J ; no canines; molars \ ' ; head long; upper lip 

 entire; no lachrymal sinus; neck extremely long, 

 with a short thin mane; legs slender, the hindmost 

 shortest. 



TRIBE IV. CAPRIDJE. 



Horns persistent, sheathing upon an osseous nucleus, 

 nearly solid, receiving its increase by annual rings at the 

 base. 



Antilope rupicapra. Chamois, pi. 55. f. 15. Incisors 

 f ; no canines; molars J j? horns common to both 

 sexes, or in the male only ; variously inflected, gener- 

 ally annulated, or projecting in spiral ridges, bifurcated 

 in some ; with a muzzle, half muzzle, or simple nos- 

 trils ; most species with a lachrymal sinus; eyes large; 

 ears long and pointed ; legs slender; teats four or two. 



The following subgenera are proposed by Major Ham- 

 ilton Smith. 



Dicranocerus furcifer. Prong-horned Antelope. 

 Horns much compressed, rough with an anterior pro- 

 cess and the points bending backwards, placed upon the 

 orbits and impending over the eyes ; facial line convex ; 

 tail very short. 



Aigocerus leucopTicea. Blue Antelope. Horns very 

 large, pointed, simply bent back, annulated, placed above 

 the orbits ; tail as long as the thigh ; mane reversed ; 

 throat and under-jaw bearded ; destitute of suborbital 

 sinus and inguinal pores. Large. 



Oryx leucoryx. White Oryx. Horns very long and 

 slender, acute, annulate, with a slight spiral twist ; ears 

 long; mane reversed; tail length of the thigh; tip 

 tufted; knees smooth, large. 



Gaxella Pygarga. White-faced Gazelle. Horns in- 

 curved, or turned outwards and again inwards, consti- 

 tuting a lyrate form, black, annulate, and striate; la- 

 chrymal sinus small ; eyes very large ; knees usually 

 tufted ; tail short and tufted. 



DIVISION II. 



Horns in the male only. 



Antilope cervicapra. Common Antelope. Horns 

 never truly lyrate, placed below the frontal crest, and 

 sometimes more or less spiral ; suborbital sinus devel- 



oped; inguinal pores distinct ; a small bare space n-pr* 

 stilting the muzzle; knees frequently tufted; gregari- 

 ous. 



Hedunca Isabellma. Cream-coloured Antelope. 

 1 Uii-iii situated behind the orbits, black, reclining, the 

 tips bending forwards, annulated below, smooth above, 

 short and slender; cars long; muzzle small; knees 

 smooth; tail rather short. 



Tragtilus)u])estris. Steenbock. Horns simple, straight 

 inclined, round, and shorter than the ears; usually quite 

 smooth; ears long; tuil very short ; habits solitary. 



Rnphicerus acuticornis. Sharp-horned antelope. 

 Horns without wrinkles, striated, striae or rings round, 

 very sharp, and vertical; animals of small size; fore- 

 head narrow. 



Tetracerus quadricornis. Four-horned antelope. Horns 

 (in the male only) four ; the two upper simple, straight, 

 smooth, pointed, and rising on the frontal crest ; lower 

 horns much shorter, conical, and situated between the 

 orbits ; tail short. This genus was instituted by Dr 

 Leach. Horns in the male only. 



Cephalofilius quadriscopa. Four-tufted antelope. Horns 

 small, straight, reclining, placed high on the forehead, 

 annulated; muzzle small, black; hair of the forehead 

 long and tufted ; knees smooth ; tail short, tufted ; habits 

 solitary. 



Neolnigusmodoka. Salt's antelope. Horns horizontal, 

 very small, suu-anpulate, black, acute; no suborbital slit; 

 head round; nose pointed; muzzle small; tail short; 

 size very diminutive. 



Tragelaphus scripta. Harnessed antelope. Horns with 

 angulated, somewhat spiral, ridges, placed high on the 

 f rontals and reclining ; muzzle very small ; no lachrymal 

 sinus ; mammae four. 



Nemorh&dus Duvaucclii. Duvauceli's antelope. Struc- 

 ture assuming the goat form ; horns short, round, bent 

 back, and annulated at their base; muzzle small ; the in- 

 termaxillary bone in general provided with a pouch ; hair 

 coarse, loose ; legs strong. 



Rupicapra Mazama. Ovine antelope. Horns in both 

 sexes slender, vertical, and attenuated, suddenly hooked 

 at their extremities, a few wrinkles at their base, and two 

 glandular apertures behind ; form approaching the goat; 

 limbs strong; hair long, with a small quantity of wool 

 beneath. The chamois is of this sub-genus. 



Aptccerus lanigera. Wool-bearing antelope. Horns 

 simple, sub-recumbent, conical, with obscure annula- 

 tions, points smooth and bent back; destitute of muzzle 

 and lachrymal sinus ; tail short ; form approaching that 

 of a sheep. 



Anoa depressicornis. Anoa. Horns placed on the 

 edge of the frontal crest, on the same plane with the 

 face, very strong, slightly depressed, subtriangular, short, 

 straight, wrinkled, and acute; facial line straight, iiu 

 suborbital opening T 



Capra hircus. Domestic goat, pi. 55, f. 14. Incisors 

 f ; no canines; molars \ \ ; horns (usually in both sexes) 

 either vertical or inclined, nodose, and more or less angu- 

 lar ; chin bearded ; forehead concave ; tail short, flat, and 

 naked at the base. 



Ovis aries. African sheep, pi. 55, f. 18. Incisors ', 

 destitute of canines; molars $ ', ; horns (generally common 

 to both sexes) large, spiral, more or less angular; 

 forehead arched ; hair of two kinds, one hard and close, 

 the other woolly. 



Damalis. Incisors J ; no canines; molars | 5 ; horns 

 (common to both sexes, or in one only) situated on 

 the frontal crest, variously twisted ; body large ; head 

 heavy ; legs strong ; neck short ; generally furnished 

 with a mane and beard ; higher behind than before. 



The four following are sub-genera, according to Major 

 Hamilton Smith : 



Acronotus bubalis. Bubalis. Horns (in both sexes) 

 with double flexures, more or less developed, approximat- 

 ing and annular at their base, smooth and turned back at 

 their tips; head narrow, long; lachrymal sinus small, 

 with inguinal pores; knees smooth; shoulders elevated; 

 tail moderate, tufted. 



Boselaphus oreas. Impoofo. Horns (in both sexts) 

 heavy, strong, placed on the summit of the frontals, near- 

 ly straight, but twisted, and with a slight ridge; neck 

 furnished with a mane; females with an udder, of four 

 maminai. 



