MAN MANCHESTER. 



655 



of the Sandwich islands; fig. 15, Naba-Seba, prince 

 of the Timor island ; fig. 1 o', an Otaheitan. 



5. The remaining variety is the Negro. Its char- 

 acters are, colour black ; hair black and woolly ; head 

 narrow ; forehead convex and arched ; cheek-bones 

 projecting ; nose large, and almost confounded with 

 the upper jaw; the upper front teeth obliquely placed; 

 the lips thick ; the chin drawn in ; the legs crooked. 

 This race is found in Western and Southern Africa, 

 and the great islands of the Pacific, generally in the in- 

 terior. There are very great differences in the tribes 

 included in this variety : the Negro, with the com- 

 plexion of jet, and wool ; the Catfre, with a copper 

 complexion, and long hair ; the sooty Papous, or 

 New Guineaman; the native of Van Diemen's 

 Land ; the Haraforas, who are found in Borneo, and 

 the Hottentots, hardly differ more in situation than 

 in features. Representations of this variety will 

 be found in plates LVIII. and LIX. Figs. 1, 2, 

 3, and 4, in plate LIX., represent the Negro Proper. 

 Figs. 9, 10, and 11, in plate LVIII., represent Hot- 

 tentots. Figs. 12, 13, 14, 15, same plate, represent 

 Bushmen, male and female. Figs. 16, same plate, 

 a, b, c, represent Papuas of Van Diemen's Land ; 

 a, named Grou-Agara ; b, Ara-Meida; and c, Para- 

 Beri. See the article Mammalia for a more particular 

 description of the above varieties. Also see Blum- 

 enbach, De Varietate nativa Generis Humani. 



Bory de St Vincent, in his Essais Zoologiques sur 

 I' Homme, divides the human race into fifteen species, 

 and numerous varieties. 



Man, considered in his nobler character of a social, 

 moral, religious, and political being, will be more 

 appropriately considered under other heads. See 

 Language, Philology, Political Institutions, Relig- 

 io-n. 



MAN, ISLE OF (the Monoeda of Ptolemy) ; an 

 island belonging to Great Britain, in the Irish sea, 

 nearly equidistant from the coasts of England, Scot- 

 land, and Ireland ; thirty miles long, and twelve, 

 where widest, broad ; seventy in circumference ; 

 square miles, 220 ; population, in 1831, 40,985 ; 

 chief towns, Castletown (the carpital), Douglas, Peel, 

 and Ramsay ; Ion. 4 30' W. lat. 54 15' N. The 

 interior is mountainous. Snowfield, or Snafield, the 

 highest summit, is about 2000 feet above the sea. 

 The soil, not naturally very productive, is greatly 

 fertilized by the abundance of seaweed cast upon the 

 shore. Agriculture, of late, has made great advances. 

 The productions are barley, wheat, oats, turnips, 

 potatoes, flax, cattle, sheep, poultry, &c. The island 

 contains seventeen parishes, under the jurisdiction 

 of a bishop, styled bishop of Sodor and Man, who is 

 sole baron of the island. The Manx language, a 

 kind of Gaelic, prevails in the interior, but English 

 is spoken in the towns. On the south is a small 

 island, called the Calf of Man, which is separated 

 by a narrow channel. 



In 1405, the island was granted to lord Stanley, 

 and, in 1735, became vested in the duke of Athol. 

 In 1764, it was sold to Great Britain for 70,000, 

 with all its rights of sovereignty. 



MAN-OF-WAR ; a ship of war ; an armed ship. 



MAN-OF-WAR BIRD. See Albatross. 



MANAKIN (pipra, Lin.). This is a small genus 

 of birds peculiar to South America, having a com- 

 pressed beak, thicker than broad, grooved ; nasal 

 fossae large. Their tail and feet are short. In their 

 general form and proportions, they are not very 

 unlike the titmouse. They are generally small, and 

 inhabit the depths of forests, being seldom seen in 

 cultivated fields. The largest of these birds, the P. 

 Mtlilaris, is distinguished by a beautiful crest of red 

 feathers upon its head. Its back is of a fine blue, 

 and the rest of the plumage of a deep black. 



Closely allied to these birds is one of the most ex- 

 traordinary of the feathered tribe, the cock of the 

 rock (rupicola). This bird is as large as a pigeon, is 

 of a bright orange colour, and is furnished with a 

 double crest of feathers on its head, placed in the 

 form of a fan. They live on fruits, scratch the earth 

 like the common fowl, and form their nest of dry 

 wood, in deep holes in the rocks. The female lays 

 two eggs. 



MANASAROWARA, a lake of Thibet, among 

 the Himalaya mountains, is one of the most vener- 

 ated of all the places of pilgrimage resorted to by 

 the Hindoos, who visit it in great numbers, in spite 

 of all the difficulties of the journey. The Thibetians 

 also hold it in great reverence, and come from great 

 distances to throw into it the ashes of their friends. 

 It is about fifteen miles long and eleven broad, and, 

 with its borders of lofty crags, and its towering bar- 

 rier of snow-capped mountains, forms a magnificent 

 scene. Its shores are covered with monastic houses. 



MANASSEH ; eldest son of Joseph, born in 

 Egypt. When brought with Ephraim to receive the 

 blessing of his grandfather Jacob, the old man placed 

 his right hand upon the head of the younger, and his 

 left upon that of Manasseh, thus depriving the latter 

 of the precedence due to his priority of birth. The 

 descendants of Manasseh formed a tribe, which, in 

 the promised land, was settled half beyond the Jor- 

 dan, and half in the territory of Samaria, Sichem, 

 and Bethany. See Hebrews. 



MANCANDO (abbreviated mane., Italian) is used 

 in music to denote that the time of a piece must be- 

 come slower and slower, and the tone by degrees 

 vanish. 



MANCHA, LA ; a province of Spain in New 

 Castile, almost every way surrounded by mountains 

 forming an immense plain, intersected by ridges of 

 low hills and rocks ; not an enclosure of any kind, 

 except mud walls, about the villages ; not a tree to 

 be seen, except a few dwarfish evergreen oaks and 

 olive plants, scarce deserving the name. All this 

 vast tract of open country is cultivated in corn and 

 vines. -A traveller says, " There is no labourer nor 

 young female peasant, who is not well acquainted 

 with Don Quixote and Sancho." This is the most 

 cheerful country of Spain ; the inhabitants are affa- 

 ble, and great lovers of music and dancing ; popula- 

 tion, 214,087; square miles, 8000; chief towns, 

 Ciudad-Real and Ocana. 



MANCHE, DEPARTMENT OF LA ; in the north- 

 western part of France, on the British channel, 

 called in French La Manche. See Department, and 

 Channel. 



MANCHESTER, the most important manufactur- 

 ing town in England, is situated at the south-eastern 

 extremity of the county palatine of Lancaster, 186 

 miles N. W. from London, thirty-six miles by the 

 high road, thirty by the railway, E. by N. from 

 Liverpool, and eighty-two N. from Birmingham. It 

 stands on the eastern bank of the river Irwell, near 

 its junction with the two tributary streams of the 

 Irk and the Medlock. On the opposite bank has 

 been built the town of Salford, which, though under 

 a different jurisdiction, is yet so closely connected 

 with Manchester as to form a part of it, and is there- 

 fore comprehended in the same statistical report. 

 The communication is kept up by means of several 

 bridges. 



History. Manchester is of very high antiquity. 

 In the time of Julius Agricola, the Roman governor 

 of Britain, it was a Roman station, and called Man- 

 cunium, which, says Mr Whitaker, signifies the 

 Place of Tents. Other antiquaries tell us that the 

 origin of the name is to be found in Saxon etymology, 

 it being frequently spelled Manigceaster in ancient 



