659 



MANCHESTER MANCO CAPAC. 



capital employed in that county in this trade alone, 

 in buildings ami machinery, exceeds 8,000,000. In 

 1^25 there were, in the parish of Manchester alone, 

 upwards of 20,000 steam-looms in motion : and the 

 number has increased since that year. In the same 

 year there were, in the townships of Manchester, 

 Chorlton-on-Medlock, Ardwick, Salford, Pendleton, 

 and Hulme, 104 spinning factories, worked by 110 

 steam-engines of the aggregate power of 3,598 

 horses ; and, in addition to those engines used in 

 spinning cotton, there were 102 others, of 1,277 

 horse power, applied to other purposes of trade and 

 manufacture, within the same limits. At the pre- 

 sent period, the number of factories has increased to 

 above 120, the aggregate power exercised in which 

 is nearly equal to five thousand horses ; furnishing 

 employment to between thirty and forty thousand 

 persons. Although the spinning and manufacture of 

 cotton, and the production of various fabrics from 

 that article, may be considered as the principal 

 branches of trade in this town, yet it must not be 

 inferred that the woollen, linen, and silk trades are 

 inconsiderable. The latter branch has, within a very 

 few years, wonderfully increased ; establishments of 

 the first magnitude are continually springing up ; 

 and to such perfection are the textures, wrought 

 from this beautiful material, by the genius and 

 persevering industry of the Manchester artisan, that 

 the looms of Spitalfields and France are rivalled by 

 those of this town. There are also extensive bleach- 

 ing grounds and works for printing and dyeing, and 

 for every other department of the manufacture. 

 Besides the great extent of business transacted in 

 the articles before named, Manchester has long been 

 conspicuous in the manufacture of hats ; what are 

 called London hats are chiefly made in this neigh- 

 bourhood some of the finer sorts being finished in 

 the metropolis. The making of umbrellas, and a 

 great variety of articles embraced under the denom- 

 ination of Manchester smallwares, employ many 

 hands, and a considerable capital. The iron foun- 

 dries are of great magnitude ; machine-making is 

 executed here to an extent commensurate with the 

 vast demand for this species of manufacture: the 

 number of steam engines employed in these branches 

 amount to about one hundred, of the aggregate 

 power of nearly two thousand horses. Many chemi- 

 cal works are on a large scale ; and in the vicinity 

 are mills for the manufacture of paper, from the 

 coarsest kind, for packages, to the finest quality for 

 writing, and printing. 



Civic Government. The government of the town 

 is vested in a boroughreeve and two constables ; the 

 chief business of the first of these is to preside at 

 public meetings, the judicial functions connected 

 with the police being executed by the constables and 

 their deputies. The municipal government of Salford 

 is also confided to a boroughreeve and two consta- 

 bles. A court leet, under the jurisdiction of the 

 lord of the manor, assembles at Easter and Michael- 

 mas ; at the latter period the boroughreeve and 

 other officers are appointed. A court baron is held 

 every third Wednesday, for the recovery of debts 

 and damages under 40$. ; and a court of requests, 

 for the parish of Manchester, every second Wednes- 

 day, for the recovery of debts under 5. In addition 

 to these courts, there are held the court for the 

 hundred of Salford, every third Thursday, of which 

 the Earl of Sefcon is the steward ; and the King's 

 leets and courts of record twice a year. The county 

 court is also now held in Manchester once a month, 

 wherein debts to the amount of lO may be recov- 

 ered. A magistrate, who is a barrister appointed by 

 government, with a salary of .1,000 a year, sits 

 fcvery day (Sunday excepted) in the court-room of 



the New Bailey, for the administration of justice, in 

 which he is generally assisted by one or more magis- 

 trates. The sessions are held every six weeks, be- 

 fore a barrister, in the commission of the peace, who 

 is chairman, and for which he is paid by the hundred 

 of Salford,800 a year. The parochial concerns of 

 this township are enormous ; such might be ex- 

 pected from its great working population, relying 

 upon the success or declination of the manufactures, 

 which, however generally prosperous, still are subject 

 to adverse fluctuation. 



Population. The population of Manchester and 

 Salford, with their suburbs, and of the entire parish 

 of Manchester, according to the returns made by 

 order of parliament in the years 1801,1811,1821, 

 and 1831, was as follows : 



MANCHINEEL (hippomanemancenilla); a West 

 Indian tree, celebrated for the poisonous qualities ot 

 the milky juice which abounds in every part of 

 it. Wiien a drop of the juice is applied to the 

 skin, it causes the same sensation as a burning coal, 

 and quickly produces a vesicle. The Indians use it 

 for poisoning the points of their arrows, which pre- 

 serve their venom for a long time. The workmen 

 employed in felling these trees, first build a fire 

 round the trunks, in order to make the juice eva- 

 porate, and cover their eyes with gauze ; but, not- 

 withstanding these precautions, they are subject to 

 be incommoded with the dust. The accounts, how- 

 ever, which represent it as dangerous to sleep in the 

 shade, or to come in contact with the rain which has 

 fallen upon this tree, are highly exaggerated. The 

 inhabitants of Martinique formerly burned entire 

 forests of the manchineel, in order to free their dwel- 

 lings from its presence. This tree belongs to the 

 natural family euphorbiacece ; the leaves are alter- 

 nate, ovate, serrate, and shining ; the fruit has the 

 form, colour, and scent of a small apple, and contains 

 a nut about as large as a chestnut. It is said that 

 drinking copiously of sea-water is the best remedy, 

 when a portion of this fruit has been swallowed. 

 It grows in the West Indies, and other parts of 

 tropical America, in the immediate vicinity of the 

 ocean. 



MANCO CAPAC, legislator and first inca of the 

 Peruvians, was the twelfth in ascent from the inca 

 who reigned at the time of the Spanish invasion in 

 1532, an interval computed by the natives at about 

 400 years. Their tradition was, that this person, with 

 Mama Oella his wife, and sister, appeared suddenly 

 in an island of the lake Titicaca, and declared them- 

 selves to be children of the sun, sent down to civilize 

 and instruct them. Manco accordingly taught the men 

 agriculture and other useful arts, whilst his wife in- 

 structed the women to spin and weave. He tauplit 

 the Peruvians to revere internally, as the highest aud 



