693 



MARS' HILL MARSEILLES. 



of Alueus, he was taken and confined in a brazen 

 prison, where he languished thirteen months. But 

 the mother of the Aloides, discovered the place of 

 liis confinement to Mercury, by whom he was deliv- 

 ered. He twice engaged in combat with Hercules, 

 for the protection of his sons. In one of the combats, 

 the god was wounded ; in the other, Jupiter separated 

 the combatants by hurling his thunderbolts between 

 them. Mars having slain Halirrhotius, the son of 

 Neptune and the nymph Euryte, for offering violence 

 to his daughter Alcippe, Neptune accused him before 

 the twelve gods, who judged the cause on a hill near 

 Athens (Areopagus, Mars' Hill), and acquitted him. 

 As Mars was the first who was tried in this place, it 

 derived its name from that circumstance. In the 

 Trojan war, he assisted the Trojans against the 

 Greeks. Diomedes wounded him, and he bellowed 

 like 10,000 men united. He fought also against 

 Minerva, and hurled his spear against her eegls : she 

 smote him to the ground with a rock. Mars is re- 

 presented as a young warrior in full armour, of a 

 strong frame, broad forehead, sunken eyes, thick and 

 short hair. His attributes are a helmet, a spear, a 

 sword, and a shield. 



Mars is also the name of a planet. See Planets. 

 In chemistry, Mars was formerly put for iron; in 

 both cases, it is marked by this sign : $ 



MARS' HILL. See Areopagus. 



MARSDEN, WILLIAM, born in 1754, at Verval, 

 in Ireland, was sent out, early in life, as a writer, to 

 the island of Sumatra, where he rose to be chief, and 

 gained much information respecting the language, 

 manners, and antiquities of the Oriental archipelago, 

 a part of which he communicated in articles sent 

 by him to the royal and antiquarian societies. The 

 chief of these are, On a Phenomenon observed in the 

 Island of Sumatra ; Remarks on the Sumatran lan- 

 guage ; Observations on the Language of the People 

 commonly called Gipsies ; On the Hejira of the Mo- 

 hammedans ; On the Chronology of the Hindoos ; 

 and On the Traces of the Hindoo Language and 

 Literature extant among the Malays. His separate 

 publications are, the History of Sumatra (1802) ; a 

 Dictionary of the Malayan Language, in two parts, 

 Malayan and English, and English and Malayan, 

 (1812) ; and a Grammar of the Malayan Language ; 

 to which is prefixed an interesting Discourse on the 

 History, Religion, and Antiquities of the Oriental 

 Islands. 



MARSEILLAISE HYMN, the celebrated song 

 of the patriots and warriors of the French revolution, 

 was composed by M. Joseph Rouget de 1' Isle, while 

 an officer in the engineer corps at Strasburg, early in 

 the French revolution, with a view of supplanting the 

 vulgiir songs then in vogue, relative to the struggle 

 then going on. He composed the song and the music 

 in one night. It was at first called L'Offrande d la 

 Liberte, but subsequently received its present name, 

 because it was first publicly sung by the Marseilles 

 confederates in 1792. It became the national song 

 of the French patriots and warriors, and was famous 

 through Europe and America. The tune is peculiarly 

 exciting. It was suppressed, of course, under the 

 empire and the Bourbons; but the revolution of 1830 

 called it up anew, and it has since become again the 

 national song of the French patriots. The king of 

 the French has bestowed on its composer, who was 

 about seventy years old at the time of the last revo- 

 lution, having been born in 1760, a pension of 1500 

 francs from his private purse. M. Rouget de 1' Isle 

 had been wounded at Quiberon, and persecuted by 

 the terrorists, from whom he had escaped by flying to 

 Germany. The celebrity of the Marseillaise hymn, 

 and the important influence which it has exerted, in- 

 duce us to give it at length. 



Allpns, onfans do la patrie : 



Le jour de gloire est arrive: 



Coutru iiousde la tyrmmie 



LVtendard Hanglant cat Icvr. 



Eiitendcz-vous duns les rampagne* 



Mujfir ces feroces so'dats ? 



11s vii'imeut jusques dans vos bras, 



Kuorger vos tils, vos compares. 

 AiiX urinrs, citoyens, forincz vos bataillons , 

 Marches ; qu'un sang impur abreuve vos silloiu. 



CHCEUR. 



.ux armes, citoyens ; fqrroons nos bataillons ; 

 larvlmus ; .qu'uu sang impur abreuve nos silluns. 



Que veut cette horde d esclaves, 

 De traitres, do rois conjures ? 

 Pour qui ces ignobles entraves, 

 Ces fersdes long-terns prepares? 

 Fransais, pour nous, ah ! quel outrage t 

 Quels transports il doit exciter ! 

 C'est nous qu'on ose mtmarer 

 De rendre a 1' antique esclavage ! 

 Aux armes. &c. 



Quoi ! des cohortes 6trangeres 

 Keraient laloi dana nos foyers ! 

 Quoi ! ces phalanges mercenaires 

 Terrasseraient nos fiers guerriers ! 

 Grand Dieu ! par des mains enchaineesr 

 Nos fronts sous le joug se plieraient! 

 De vils despotes deviendraient 

 Les maitres de nos destinies ! 

 Aux armes, &c. 



Tremblez, tyrans ! et vous, perfides 

 L'opprobre de tous les partis ; 

 Tremblez vos projets parricides 

 Vont entin recevoir leur prix. 

 Tout est soldat pour vous combattre : 

 S'ils tombent, nos jeunes hiiros 

 La France en produit de nouveaux, 

 Contre vous tous prets a se battre. 

 Aux armes, &c. 



Franeais, en guerriers raagrtanlmes, 

 Portez ou reteney. vos coups ; 

 Kpargnez les tristes victimes 

 A regret s'armant contre vous ; 

 Mais ces despotes sanguinaires, 

 Mais les complices de Bouille 

 Tous ces tigres qui, sans pitie, 

 Dechireut le sein de leur mere ; 

 Aux armes. &c. 



Amour sacr6 de la patrie, 

 Conduis, soutiens nos bras vengeurs : 

 Liberte, Liberte cherie, 

 Combats avec tes defeuseurs. 

 Sous nos drapeaux, que la victoire 

 Accoure a tes males accens ; 

 Que tes ennemis expirans, 

 Voieut ta triomphe et notre gloire. 

 Aux armes, &c. 



MARSEILLES (properly Marseille), the ancient 

 Massilia ; a city of France, capital of the department 

 Bouches du Rhone, on the lion's gulf; lat. 43 17' 

 N. ; Ion. 5 22' E. ; seat of a bishop, and of many 

 civil and military authorities. The port is safe and 

 spacious, capable of accommodating 1200 vessels, but 

 not admitting a ship of larger size than n frigate. A 

 new port has recently been constructed, sufficient to 

 receive ships of the line, and is used for quarantine 

 ground. The lazaretto is the finest in Europe. The 

 old city is principally composed of crooked, narrow, 

 and steep streets, lined with high houses. The new 

 city has wide, straight streets, with foot-walks. The 

 houses are in general handsomely built, and there are 

 several agreeable promenades and squares. The 

 cathedral is one of the oldest in France ; the Hotel 

 de Ville is the handsomest building in the city. There 

 are an observatory, several hospitals, a mont de piete, 

 a savings bank, twenty-one churches, an academy of 

 arts and sciences, a royal college, a public library of 

 60,000 volumes, and numerous other literary, scien- 

 tific, and charitable institutions. The principal arti- 

 cles of export are Naples soap (made at Marseilles), 

 olive-oil, brandy, anchovy, spirits, excellent cutlery, 

 corks, chemical preparations, coral, perfumes, silks, 

 &c. It carries on a considerable commerce with all 



