MINES. 



825 



ed. Hungary contains also mines of pit-coal and 

 rock-salt, the latter especially on the banks of the 

 Danube, the Marmarosch and the Nera. The whole 

 produce of Hungary amounts to 5200 marcs (3250 Ibs. 

 troy) of gold, 85,000 marcs (53,125 Ibs. troy) of 

 silver, 36,00040,000 cwt. of copper, 68000 cwt. 

 of lead, and about 60,000 cwt. of iron. 



3. The mines of the Altai mountains (q. v.) are 

 very important ; they constitute the districts of Koly- 

 van, Zmeof, Tcherepanofsky, Smenofsky, Nikolaisky, 

 Philipofsky, &c., with a yearly produce of upwards 

 of 3000 marcs (1875 Ibs. troy) of gold, (in later 

 times more), 60,000 marcs (37,500 Ibs. troy) of silver, 

 and a considerable quantity of copper, iron, and 

 lead. 



4. The mines of the Ural (q. v.) are dispersed, at 

 different distances, around Ekaterinburg ; those of 

 Tourinsky produce about 20,000, and those of Gou- 

 mechefsky 40,000 cwt. of copper yearly. The iron, 

 which is obtained in the regions of Balgodat and 

 Keskanar, amounts to more than 1,000,000 cwt. 

 yearly. Near Berezov, 500 marcs (312 Ibs. troy) of 

 gold were formerly produced ; but the quantity is 

 LOW far more considerable. 



5. The mines of the Vosges and the Schwarzwald 

 (Black- forest). In the former, nothing but iron is 

 found ; in the latter, silver, at Badenweiler, Hochberg 

 and Woltach, amounting to 1800 marcs (1125 Ibs. 

 troy); at the first of these places, moreover, 800 cwt. 

 of lead are obtained yearly, and at Wittichen, cobalt; 

 besides iron in different places. 



6. The mines of the Hartz : a. the silver, lead, and 

 copper mines, &c., of the Upper Hartz, in the envir- 

 ons of the mining towns of Clausthal, Zellerfeld, 

 Lautenthal, Wildemann, Grund and Andreasberg ; 

 b. gold, silver, and copper mines, near Goslar ; <?. 

 copper mines in the neighbourhood of Lauterberg ; 

 d. iron mines at Lauterberg, Walkenried, Elbingeroda 

 and Blankenburg ; e. silver, lead, and iron mines, in 

 the vicinity of Magdesprung: annual produce, about 10 

 marcs (6i Ibs., troy) of gold, 30,000 marcs (18,750 Ibs. 

 troy) f silver, 2000 cwt. of copper, 50,000 cwt. of 

 lead, 30,000 cwt. of litharge, 200,000 cwt. of iron. 



7. Mines in the eastern part of Germany : a. in 

 the Saxon Erzgebirge, at the towns of Freiberg, 

 Marienberg, Annaberg, Ehrenfriedersdorf, Johann- 

 georgenstadt, Schneeberg, annual yielding of 52,000 

 marcs (32,500 Ibs. troy) of silver ; at Altenberg, Gey- 

 er, Ehrenfriedersdorf, Zinnwald, annually 3 4000 

 cwt. of tin ; at Schneeberg, annually 8000 cwt. of 

 cobalt, 600 cwt. of copper, 80,000 of iron ; b. in 

 Bohemia : silver, at Joachimsthal, Mies, Przibram, 

 &c., 13,800 marcs (8625 Ibs. troy); tin, at Schaken- 

 wald, &c., 2000 cwt. ; cobalt, 4000 cwt. ; lead, 1800 

 cwt. ; iron, 190,000 cwt. ; c. in the Fichtelgebirge, 

 principally iron, annually about 50,000 cwt. ; d. in 

 Moravia, at Iglau, &c., 4 5000 marcs (25003125 

 Ibs. troy) of silver ; e. in the Riesengebirge, at Jauer, 

 Kupferberg, Reichenstein, 330 cwt. of copper, 560 

 cwt. of smalt ; 1900 cwt. of arsenic, 1200 cwt. of 

 sulphur, 20,000 cwt. of vitriol. 



8. Mines in the middle' and north-western parts of 

 France. Those at Villefort, in the department of 

 the Lozfere, yield 2000 cwt. of lead, and 1600 marcs 

 (1000 Ibs. troy) of silver ; at Poullaouen and Huel- 



?oat, in Bretagne, 10,000 cwt. of lead, 2000 marcs 

 L250 Ibs. troy) of silver. 



9. Mines of Great Britain : iron, in Wales, 

 150,000 tons ; Shropshire and Staffordshire, 180,000 

 tons ; Yorkshire and Derbyshire, 50,000 tons ; 

 Scotland, 20,000 tons ; total, 400,000 tons ; copper, 

 10 11,000 tons: lead in Northumberland, 12,000 

 tons : North Wales and Shropshire, 8000 ; York- 

 shire, 4500 tons ; Derbyshire, 4000 tons ; Scotland, 

 Devon, Cornwnll, South Wales, 3000 tons ; total, 



31,500 tons: tin, in Cornwall and Devon, 2800 

 5000 tons. 



10. Mipes of Scandinavia : Norway produces 1600 

 marcs (1000 Ibs. troy) of silver; at Kongsberg, in 

 1768, 40,000 marcs (25,000 Ibs. troy), 7200 cwt. of 

 copper, 140,000 cwt. of iron, 4000 cwt. of smalt, 

 10,000 cwt. of alum ; Sweden, 23000 marcs (1250 

 1875 Ibs. troy) of silver, 1820,000 cwt. of cop- 

 per, 1,500,000 cwt. of iron. 



11. Mines of the Pyrenees: these are insignificant, 

 and iron only need be mentioned. 



12. Mines of the Alps: they are not, by any 

 means, proportioned to the immense masses of those 

 mountains ; the silver mines of Allemont, in Dau- 

 phine, annually produce 2000 marcs (1250 Ibs. troy); 

 the iron mines of Allevard, in the department of the 

 Isftre, the lead and silver mines of Pesey, in Savoy, 

 formerly produced 4000 cwt. of lead, and 2500 

 marcs (1562 Ibs. troy) of silver annually ; the iron 

 mines of Cogna and Traverselle, in Piedmont, annu- 

 ally yield upwards of 200,000 cwt. of iron ; the 

 copper mines at Falkenstein and Schwatz, in the 

 Tyrol, formerly were of importance ; the gold 

 mines, at Gastein and Muerwinkel, in Saltzburg, 

 annually yield 118 marcs (74 Ibs. troy) of gold ; the 

 iron mines in Saltzburg and the Tyrol, annually pro- 

 duce 60 70,000 cwt. ; the iron mines, in Stiria, 

 450,000 cwt. ; those in Carinthia, 260,000 cwt.; 

 and those in Carniola, 100,000 cwt.; the copper 

 mines at Schladming in Stiria, at Kirschdorf in 

 Carinthia, at Agarclo in the territory of Venice, and 

 at Zamabor in Croatia, furnish copper containing 

 silver ; the zinc mines at Raibel in Carinthia, annu- 

 ally produce 3400 cwt.; the lead mines at Villach 

 and Bleiberg, &c., about 50,000 cwt.; the quick- 

 silver mines at Idria, about 1500 cwt.; the rock-sail 

 mines at Hallein, Berchtesgaden, Aussee, Ischel, 

 Hallstadt, &c. , upwards of 3,000,000 cwt. of salt. 



13. Mines of the countries bordering on the 

 Rhine, and of the Ardennes : copper is obtained 

 from the mines of Rheinbreitenbach and Dillenburg, 

 about 1200 cwt. yearly; lead and silver, from the 

 mines of Holzapfel, Pfingstwiese, Laewenburg, Augst- 

 bach, Ehrenthal; of the former, 12,000 cwt.; of the 

 latter, 3500 marcs (2187 Ibs. troy); iron of an excel- 

 lent quality, and in great quantity, is procured in the 

 Stahlberg, in the environs of the town of Siegen, on 

 the banks of the Lahn and Sayn, at Hohenkirchen 

 in Hesse, on the Hunsdruck, in the Eifel, in the ter- 

 ritories of Luxemburg, &c ; calamine, in the vicinity 

 of Limburg, in the Netherlands, 14 15,000 cwt. 

 yearly ; in the neighbourhood of Aix-la-Chapelle, 

 30_40,000 cwt. ; in the county of Mark, 2600 cwt.; 

 lead, at Vedrin, not far from Namur, 4000 cwt., 

 together with 700 marcs (437 Ibs. troy) of silver. 



14. Mines of various countries : the environs of 

 Nertschinskoi in Siberia, are very rich in useful 

 minerals.and yield 3035,000 marcs (18,75021,750 

 Ibs. troy) of silver. The mineral wealth of Spain and 

 Portugal is now almost exhausted ; the quicksilver 

 mines of Almaden formerly furnished 20,000 cwt.; 

 the lead mines only are still productive, yielding 

 annually more than 90,000 cwt. There are copper 

 mines in Japan, China, Persia, Arabia, in Tartary, in 

 the islands of the Indian Sea, in Barbary, Morocco, 

 Abyssinia, &c.; tin is produced in China, Pegu, the 

 peninsula Malacca, Sumatra, Banca, &c., in the 

 latter country alone, 70,000 cwt. : zinc is said to be 

 abundant in India ; quicksilver, in China and Japan; 

 Brazil furnishes 28,000 marcs (17,500 Ibs. troy) of 

 gold yearly, which is more than is obtained from 

 any other country; Africa at least 7000 marcs (4375 

 Ibs. troy), and Southern Asia at least 2000 marcs 

 (1250 Ibs. troy) yearly. The island of Elba contains 

 a great deal of iron. 



