544 



PHRENOLOGY. 



article against phrenology in the Edinburgh Review 

 for June, 1815, which so far favoured Dr Spurzheim 

 as to raise curiosity about him, and fill his class- 

 room. He remained in Edinburgh seven months, 

 niul was so successful in gaining converts, that he 

 predicted it to be the spot from which, as from a 

 centre, the doctrines of phrenology should spread 

 over Britain. His prediction has been thus far veri- 

 fied, that Edinburgh is at this hour the very head- 

 quarters of phrenology, and that it rejoices in a 

 flourishing Phrenological Society which publishes 

 Transactions, as well as in a Phrenological Magazine. 

 The founder, also, of this society, Mr George Combe, 

 must be allowed to be one of the best expounders and 

 defenders of phrenology which the science yet can 

 boast. 



Dr Spurzheim returned to London thence to 

 Paris and did not visit Britain again till 1825. 

 Societies, with collections of busts, had by this time 

 been established in almost every considerable town 

 in the empire ; and such was the mania of the day, 

 that the doctor was warmly received wherever lie 

 went at London, Liverpool, Manchester, Hull, 

 Exeter, Dublin, Cork, Glasgow, Paisley, Dundee, 

 &c. Dr Spurzheim eventually went to America, 

 where he died in 1832, that fatal year for so many 

 distinguished men. See the respective articles Gail 

 and Spurzheim in this work. 



Although Dr Gall was the founder of phrenology, 

 and although he was the discoverer of twenty-seven 

 organs out of thirty-five, he is generally admitted to 

 have been deficient in forming a system, or in deduc- 

 ing from it philosophical data. Dr Spurzheim is said 

 by phrenologists to have contributed most to the ad- 

 vancement of the science, by enriching it with im- 

 portant discoveries, by arranging it into a system, 

 and by showing how it might be applied to many in- 

 teresting purposes connected with the human mind. 

 We shall here give a list of the twenty-seven organs 

 discovered by Dr Gall, with the titles he affixed to 

 each. These titles, it will be observed, differ chiefly 

 from those of Dr Spurzheim in being less comprehen- 

 sive in their character, and therefore less pliable in 

 representing the various faculties and dispositions of 

 man. For example, what Gall called murder, Spurz- 

 heim calls destructiveness, thus including in it a desire 

 to destroy noxious animals, and to kill for food ; and 

 while Gall has a bump for veneration and one for 

 religion, Spurzheim confines himself to veneration, 

 saying it includes, not only a propensity to venerate 

 God, but to venerate wealth, power, or any distin- 

 guished personage. 



The following is Dr Gall's list : No. 1. the in- 

 stinct of veneration. No. 2. the love of offspring. 

 No. 3. friendship. No. 4. courage, self-defence. No. 

 5. murder. No. 6. cunning. No. 7. the sentiment 

 of property. No. 8. pride, self-esteem, haughtiness. 

 No. 9. vanity, ambition. No. 10. cautiousness. No. 

 11. the memory of things, the power of being educat- 

 ed. No. 12. local memory. No. 13. the memory of 

 persons. No. 14. verbal memory. No. 15. memory 

 for languages. No. 16. colours. No. 17. music. No. 

 18. number. No. 19. aptitude for the mechanical 

 arts. No. 20. aptitude for drawing comparisons. No. 

 21. aptitude for drawing conclusions. No. 22. wit. 

 No. 23. poetry. No. 24. good-nature. No. 25. mi- 

 mickry. No. 26. religion. No. 27. firmness of char- 

 acter. The figures in this list have no relation to 

 those on the casts. 



Dr Spurzheim's arrangement of the faculties is 

 comprised in orders, genera, &c. In the article 

 Craniology, in this encyclopedia, are given cuts re- 

 presenting the different localities of the different 

 organs. Without, however, referring the reader to 

 them, we shall reprint them here, for his better con- 



venience, it being always desirous to have the map 

 immediately before the eye while reading the de- 

 cription. We shall also give from Dr Combe, Dr 

 Spurzhtim's list of the organs: 



ORDER!. FEELINGS. 



Genus I. PROPENSITIES Common to Man with 

 the Lower Animals. 



THE LOVE OF LIFE. 



AN APPETITE FOR FOOD. Uses: Nutrition. Abitsus : 

 gluttony and drunkenness 



1. AMATIVENESS ; Produces sexual love. 



2. PHILOPROGENITIVENESS. Uses: Love of offspring. Ab- 



uses : Pampering and spoiling 1 children. 



3. CONCENTRATIVKNESS. Uses : It gives the desire for per- 



manence in place, and for permanence of emotions and 

 ideas in tile mind. Abuses : Aversion to move abroad ; 

 morbid dwelling on internal emotions and ideas, to the 

 neglect of external impressions. 



4 ADHESIVENESS. Uses : Attachment; friendship and 



ciety result from it. Abuses : Clanship for improper 

 objects, attachment to worthless individuals. It is gene- 

 rally strong in women. 



5. COMBATIVENESS. Uses : Courage to meet danger, to over, 

 come difficulties, and to resist attacks. Abuses : Love 

 of contention, and tendency to provoke and assault. 



