PHRENOLOGY'. 



54-5 



Thl? fooling obviously adapts man to a world in which 

 danger and difficulty abound. 



G. DESTKUCTIVENESS. - Uses : Desire to destroy noxious ob- 

 jects, and to kill for food. It is very discernible in car- 

 nivorous animals. Abuses : Cruelty, desire to torment, 

 tendency to passion, rage, harshness and severity in 

 speech and writing. This feeling places man in harmony 

 with death and destruction, which are woven into the 

 system of sublunary creation. 



7. SECRETIVI-NESS. Uses : Tendency to restrain within the 

 mind the various emotions and ideas that involuntarily 

 present themselves, until the judgment has approved of 



joined with Acquisitiveness, theft. 



8. ACQUISITIVENESS. Uses : Desire to possess, and tendency 



to accumulate articles of utility, to provide against want. 

 Abuses : Inordinate desire for property ; selfishness ; 

 avarice. 



9. CONSTRUCTIVENESS. Uses : Desire to build and construct 



works of arts. Abuses : Construction iif engines to in- 

 jure or destroy, and fabrication of objects to deceive 

 mankind. 



Genus II. SENTIMENTS. 



I. Sentiments common to Man with the Lower 

 Animals. 



10. SELF -ESTEEM. Uses: Self-respect, self-interest, love of 



independence, personal dignity. Abuses : Pride, disdain, 

 overweening conceit, excessive selfishness, love of do- 

 minion. 



11. LOVE OF APPROBATION. Uses: Desire of the esteem of 



others, love of praise, desire of fame or glory. Abuses : 

 Vanity, ambition, thirst for praise independently of 

 praiseworthiness, 



12- CAUTIOUSNESS. Uses : It gives origin to the sentiment of 

 fear, the desire to shun danger, to circumspection ; and 

 it is an ingredient in prudence. Abuses : Excessive 

 timidity, poltroonery, unfounded apprehensions, despon- 

 dency, melancholy. 



13. BENEVOLENCE. Usen : Desire of the happiness of others, 



universal charity, mildness of disposition, and a lively 

 sympathy with the enjoyment of all animated beings. 

 Abuses : Profusion, injurious indulgence of the appetites 

 and fancies of others, prodigality, facility of temper. 



II. Sentiments Proper to Man. 



14. VENERATION Uses: Tendency to worship, adore, venerate, 



or respect whatever is great and good ; gives origin to 

 tlie religious sentiment. Abuses : Senseless respect for 

 unworthy objects consecrated by time or situation, love 

 of antiquated customs, abject subserviency to persons in 

 authority, superstition. 



15. FIRMNESS. Uses : Determination, perseverance, steadiness 



of purpose. Abuses : Stubbornness, infatuation, tenacity 

 in evil. 



1C. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. Uses: It gives origin to the senti- 

 ment of justice, or respect for the rights of others, open- 

 ness to conviction, the love of truth. Abuses : Scrupu- 

 lous adherence to noxious principles when ignorantly 

 embraced, excessive refinement in the views of duty and 

 obligation, excess in remorse, or self-condemnation. 



17. HOPE. Uses : Tendency to expect and to look forward to 



the future with confidence and reliance ; it cherishes 

 faith. Abuses : Credulity, absurd expectations of felicity 

 not founded on reason. 



18. WONDER. Uses : The desire of novelty, admiration of the 



new, the unexpected, the grand, the wonderful, and ex- 

 traordinary. Abuses : Love of the marvellous, astonish- 

 ment. Note. Veneration, Hope, and Wonder, combined, 

 give the tendency to religion ; their abuses produce 

 superstition and belief in false miracles, in prodigies, 

 magic, ghosts, and all supernatural absurdities. 



19. IDEALITY Uses : Love of the beautiful and splendid, the 



desire of excellence, poetic feeling. Abuses : Extrava- 

 gance and absurd enthusiasm, preference of the showy 

 and glaring to the solid and useful, a tendency to dwell in 

 the regions of fancy, and to neglect the duties of life. 



20. WIT. Gives the feeling of the ludicrous. 



81. IMITATION. Copies the manners, gestures, and actions of 

 others, and nature generally. 



ORDER II. INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. 

 Genus I. EXTERNAL SENSES. 



or Tnurn f Viei : To bring- man into communication 

 with external objects, and to enable 

 him tii enjoy them. Abuses : Exces- 

 sive indulgence in.the pleasures aria- 

 ing from the senses, to the extent of 

 impairing the organs and debilitating 

 the mind. 



TASTB. 

 SMELL. 

 HEARING. 

 SIGHT. 



Genus II. INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES which 

 perceive existence. 



22. INDIVIDUALITY Takes cognizance of existence and simple 



facts. 



23. FORM Renders man observant of form. 



V 



21. SIZE Renders man observant of dimensions, and aids per. 

 spective. 



25. WEIGHT Communicates the perception of momentum, 



weight, resistance, and aids equilibrium. 



26. COLOURING Gives perception ot colours. 



Genus III. INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES 



which perceive the relations of external objects. 



27. LOCALITY Gives the idea of space and relative position. 



28. NUMBER Gives the talent for calculation. 



29. ORDER Communicates the love of physical arrangement. 



30. EVENTUALITY Takes cognizance of occurrences and events. 



31. TIME Gives rise to the perception of duration. 



32. TUNE The sense of Melody arises from it. 



33. LANGUAGE Gives a facility in acquiring a knowledge of 



arbitrary signs to express thoughts, readiness in the use 

 of them ; and a power of inventing them. 



Genus IV. REFLECTING FACULTIES which 

 compare, judge, and discriminate. 



3t. COMPARISON Gives the power of discovering analogies, re- 

 semblances, and differences. 



35. CAUSALITY Traces the dependencies of phenomena, and 

 the relation of cause and effect. 



In addition to the above enumeration of organs, a 

 new one has recently been supposed to be discover- 

 ed, upon which the title of alimentativeness has been 

 bestowed. Its property is a propensity to eat and 

 drink, and it is therefore very appropriately placed 

 near the organ of destructiveness. Mr Crook of 

 London and Dr Hoppe of Copenhagen both lay claim 

 to the discovery of this organ. The former of these 

 gentlemen thus writes : " Three persons, with whom 

 I had become acquainted in the year 1819, first led 

 me to suspect that a portion of the brain, situated 

 near the front of the ear (next to destructiveness) 

 was connected with the pleasures of the festive 

 board. From that time to the end of 1822, above a 

 thousand observations were made ; as they tended to 

 confirm this view, several phrenological friends were 

 informed of the result. From 1823, I no longer 

 doubted that the anterior portion of the middle lobe 

 was a distinct organ, that its primary use was the 

 discrimination and enjoyment of meats and drinks. 

 It was difficult, however, to hit the fundamental 

 power. The situation of the organ, under the zigo- 

 matic process, the temporal muscle, frequently pre- 

 cluded the possibility of accurate observation. But, 

 notwithstanding, several well marked cases, both of 

 a positive and negative kind, were investigated. 

 These conclusions were embodied, and read to the 

 Phrenological Society of London on the 8th of April, 



1825. Two months before, though it was not known 

 in London, a letter had been received in Edinburgh 

 from Dr Hoppe of Copenhagen, giving the same 

 portions of the brain to the sensations of hunger and 

 thirst. The coincidence was felt to be remarkable, 

 and to myself particularly so, as I had, in 1821, con- 

 ceived a similar idea, but discarded it upon consider- 

 ing the dependence of these feelings upon the stomach 

 and tongue. In my last conversation upon the sub- 

 ject with Dr Spurzheim, at Cambridge, in December, 



1826, he fully admitted the discovery of the organ, 

 but thought the instinct to eat to be the special func- 

 tion." 



Dr Hoppe maintains, that there must be an organ 

 in animals for the instinct of nutrition, which incites 

 them to the sensual enjoyments of the palate, inde- 

 pendent of hunger and thirst. "How, 1 ' he asks, 

 " should the mere sense of hunger, more than any 

 other disagreeable or painful sensation, make the 

 animal desire food, the necessity of such not being 

 known to him by experience ?" " According to my 

 opinion," he continues, " hunger and thirst must be 

 discriminated from the desire of food, which we call 

 appetite ; for those I consider as only .affections of 

 the stomachic and palatine nerves, caused by the de- 

 fect of necessary supply ; but appetite, as an activi- 

 ty of a fundamental animal instinct, which has in the 

 brain an on-an analogous to the rest of the organs '' 

 2 M 



