PINK P10ZZI. 



515 



colour greenish black and gray ; dull, soft, and emit- 

 ting an earthly odour when moistened. It consists 

 of silex 29.5, alumine 63.75, and oxide of iron 6.75. 

 1 1 is found in several European countries, and in the 

 United States, at Haddam, Connecticut, in granite, 

 and at Lancaster, in Massachusetts, in quartz veins in 

 argillite. 



PINK (dianthus) ; a beautiful and favourite genus 

 of plants, belonging to the caryopkylleee. More than 

 one hundred species are known, all, with perhaps 

 one or two exceptions, natives of the northern and 

 temperate parts of the Eastern continent. Their 

 roots are annual or perennial ; the stems herbaceous 

 and jointed ; the leaves opposite aud entire, and the 

 flowers terminal, aggregate, or solitary, and always 

 beautiful. Many are common in gardens ; and per- 

 haps no plant is more highly esteemed by the florist 

 than the carnation, both for its beauty and its rich spicy 

 odour. It is the general favourite in Germany and 

 Italy, and nearly 400 varieties are enumerated. 



PINK; a vessel masted and rigged like other 

 ships, only that this is built with a round stern, the 

 bends and ribs compassing so that her ribs bulge out 

 very much. This renders the pinks difficult to be 

 boarded, and also enables them to carry great bur- 

 dens, for which purpose they are often used. 



P1NKERTON, JOHN, F. S. A., an eminent anti- 

 quary, was born in Edinburgh, 1758, and was 

 articled to a writer to the signet, in whose office he 

 continued five years. In 1780, he went to London, 

 where lie published an octavo volume of miscellaneous 

 poetry, under the title of Rhymes, with dissertations 

 On tiie Oral Tradition of Poetry, and On the Tragic 

 Ballad, &c. His Essay on Medals (1784, 2 vols., 

 8vo) has since gone through two other editions. 

 Among his other works are Letters on Literature, 

 published in 1785, under the assumed name of Heron, 

 which obtained him the acquaintance of Horace 

 Walpole, after whose decease he published Walpol- 

 iana ; Ancient Scottish Poems, from the (pretended) 

 Manuscript Collection of Sir Richard Maitland, with 

 Notes and a Glossary ; Dissertation on the Origin 

 and Progress of the Scythians or Goths ; the Medallic 

 History of England (4to) ; Scottish Poems, reprinted 

 from scarce Editions (3 vols., 8vo) ; Iconographia 

 Scotica, with Notes (2 vols., 8vo, 1795 1797) ; 

 Modern Geography, digested on a new Plan (2 vols., 

 4to, 1802; reprinted 3 vols., 1807); General 

 Collection of Voyages and Travels (19 vols., 4to), 

 &c. He died at Paris, March 10, 1826. 



PINKNEYA PUBESCENS, OR GEORGIA 

 BARK ; a small tree, closely resembling the cin- 

 chona, or Peruvian bark, and said to possess the 

 same febrifuge qualities, growing wild in the southern 

 parts of Georgia. It rarely exceeds twenty-five feet 

 in height, by five or six inches in diameter at base ; 

 the leaves are opposite, five or six inches long, oval, 

 and acute at each extremity ; the flowers are pretty 

 large, white, with longitudinal stripes of rose-colour, 

 and are disposed in beautiful clusters at the extremi- 

 ties of the branches ; each flower is accompanied 

 with a floral leaf, bordered with rose-colour near the 

 upper margin ; the corolla is tubular ; the stamens 

 five, with a single style ; and the capsule contains 

 two cells and numerous seeds. The wood is soft and 

 unfit for use in the arts. The inner bark is extremely 

 bitter, and is the part employed with success in inter- 

 mittents. 



PINNACE ; a small vessel used at sea, with a 



square stern, hav ing sails and oars, and carrying three 



masts, chiefly employed to obtain intelligence and to 



land men, &c. One of the boats of a man-of-war, 



used to carry the officers to and from the shore, is 



also called the pinnace. 



PINT. See Measures. 



PINTO-MENDEZ. Se thndez-pinto. ' 



PINTURICCHIO, BERNARDINO, an eminent pain- 

 ter of the Roman school, the discipie of Pietro 

 Perugino, was born at Perugia, in 1454. He painted 

 chiefly in history and grotesque ; but he also excelled 

 in portraits. His chief work was the history of pope 

 Pius II. in ten compartments, in the library at Sienna. 

 Others consider his work in the cathedral of Sospello 

 his best performance. His style was effective, but 

 he made use of too splendid colours, and introduced 

 abundance of gilding. He is said to have died of 

 chagrin at the following circumstance : Being en- 

 gaged to paint a Nativity for the monastery of St 

 Francis, at Sienna, he pertinaciously insisted that 

 every thing should be removed out of the room in 

 which he worked, and obliged the monks to remove 

 a great chest, become rotten from age. In the at- 

 tempt it burst, and discovered a hoard of 500 pieces 

 of gold, to the great joy of the fathers, and the morti- 

 fication of Pinturicchio. His death took place in 

 1513. He generally executed compositions of Peru- 

 gino and Raphael, and received a third of the pay. 



PIOMBINO ; a principality of Tuscany, lying 

 between Sienna and the Mediterranean, opposite the 

 island of Elba, from which it is separated by the 

 channel of Piombino. The capital, of the same name, 

 has a population of 4150 ; population of the princi- 

 pality is 17,775; 210 square miles. Piombino was 

 formerly a sovereign principality, to which belonged 

 the island of Elba ; but, in 1804, Napoleon granted 

 it to his sister Eliza (see Baccioccki), and, in 1815, it 

 was annexed to Tuscany. See Tuscany. 



PIOMBO, SEBASTIANO DEL; a celebrated painter, 

 born at Venice, in 1485. His family name was 

 Luciani. Having renounced music, of which he was 

 very fond, for painting, he studied at first under 

 Giovanni Bellini, and afterwards under Giorgione, 

 whose fine colouring he imitated. Sebastiano com- 

 menced as a portrait painter, and the reputation 

 which he soon gained in that branch induced Agos- 

 tino Chigi, a rich merchant of Sienna, to take him to 

 Rome and employ him in ornamenting his house. 

 The delicacy of his pencil was much admired, and 

 Michael Angelo, who seems to have been somewhat 

 jealous of the growing fame of Raphael, encouraged 

 him to enter into competition with that master, and 

 even supplied him with designs, which Piombo often 

 executed very happily, although by no means capable 

 of lofty conceptions or sublime inventions. When 

 Raphael had painted his celebrated Ascension, Se- 

 bastiano was induced by Michael Angelo to attempt 

 to surpass it by the Raising of Lazarus, which is 

 considered his greatest work. His Martyrdom of 

 St Agatha was also ranked among the pieces of 

 the first masters. His chief merit, however, lay in 

 single figures and portraits. His Pietro Aretino and 

 his Clement VII. were admirable likenesses, and 

 specimens of perfect colouring. He was high in 

 favour with Clement, who created him keeper of the 

 papal seals. From this circumstance he derived his 

 surname Del Piombo, the seals attached to the papal 

 bulls be.ing, at that time, of lead ( j)iowbo). This post 

 made it necessary for him to assume the clerical 

 habit, and from that time, he painted but little. He 

 wrote verses, entertained learned men at his table, 

 and only occasionally painted a portrait. He died 

 in 1547. It also deserves to be mentioned, that he 

 invented a peculiar method of painting in oil on wall.-., 

 in which manner there is a Scourging of Christ to be 

 seen in S. Pietro in Montorio. 



PIONEERS ; labourers attached to an army for 

 the making and repairing of roads, and performing 

 all labours connected therewith, digging trenches, 

 &c. In several armies they are united with the sap- 

 pers and pontoniers. See Pontoon. 



PIOZZI, HESTER LTNCH, an English authoress, 

 born in 1739, wns the daughter of John Salisbury, ot 



