POLYI'f. 



623 



slender subcylindrical brandies ; <!!> perforated, lamellar, as 

 if ciliated on the margin, .mil laterally iiisiosed iu transverse 

 or longitudinal series. 



Madrepora fungitni. PI. 75, f. 24. Adherent, subden- 

 droidal, branching, the surface provi-led on all si'les with dis- 

 persed, distinct, cylindrical, tubular, hardly steiliferous pro- 

 jecting cells; lamina' very narrow. West Indian seas. 



Pocillopora. Adherent, branched, lobed, and stony ; sur- 

 face, on all sides, provided with hollow cells, with their inter- 

 stices porous ; cells dispersed and distinct; the margin rarely 

 projecting; the stellae hardly apparent. 



Poritft clavaria. PL 75, f. 2n. Adherent, stony, branched, 

 or lobed and obtuse, with a stelliferons surface; stellae rejfu- 

 lar: sub-contiguous, superficial, or excavated; with perfect 

 margins, or destitute of any ; lamina; filamentous, sharp, or 

 pointed. American and Indian ocean. Fig. 26. This 

 species greatly magnified. 



Astrea radiatti.' PI. 75. f. 27. Ailherent, incrusting ma- 

 rine substances, or forming a hemispherical or globular mass, 

 rarely lobed ; upper surface with numerous orbicular, or 

 Biihangnlar, lamellar, and sessile, sfllae. Asteria denticulmiu. 

 PI. 75, f. 26. American seas. 



Erplanarit mesenterina. PI. 75, f. 28. Adherent, stony, 

 exhibiting a free, foliaceous membrane, undulated, sublohed, 

 only one stelliferous face; stars dispersed, sessile. Indian opran 



Kchinoptera. Adherent, stony, depressed, and extended 

 into a tree membrane ; rounded, filiform, with fine striae on 

 both sides ; upper surface with numerous small papillae, and 

 convex, rounded stars; papillae perforated with one or two 

 hull's each covering alamellated star; stellae scattered, orbi- 

 cular, and covered. 



Monticultiria. Adherent, stony, intrusting marine sub- 

 stances, united into a subglobular, gibbous, or lobed mass, or 

 having subfoliaceous expansions ; upper surface rugose, with 

 elevated pyramidal contiguous stars, and with a solid central, 

 simple, or dilated axis, around which the radiating laminae 

 adhere. 



Meandrina labyrinthica. PL 75, f. 29. Adherent, stony, 

 forming a simple, convex, or hemispherical mass; surface 

 convex, composed of compartments more or less hollow, sinu- 

 ous, and provided on each side with parallel, transverse plates, 

 which adhere to the raised crests. American ocean. 



Agaricia ampliata. PI. 75, f. 30. Adherent, stony, with 

 depressed foliaceous expansions, and one surface provided 

 with furrows, or stelliferous wrinkles ; stellse scaled, lamellar, 

 frequently imperfect and indistinct. Indian ocean. 



Fuvonia agaricites. PL 75, f. 31. Adherent, stony, fron- 

 descent, with depressed subfoliaceous lobes, which are either 

 straight or ascending, with the two surfaces provided with 

 furrows or stelliferous wrinkles ; stellae lamellar, scaled, and 

 more or less imperfect. American seas. 



2. STARS TERMINAL. 



Fungia agariciformis. Free, stony, simple, orbicular, or 

 oblong, convex and lamellar above ; centre oblong and hol- 

 low ; concave aud uneven beneath ; having one subprolifer- 

 ous, lamellar star on the upper surface, with the laminae 

 dentated, or spinous laterally- Indian seas. 



Cycloiites. Free, stony, elliptical or orbicular, convex and 

 lamellar above, with a hollow centre, depressed below, with 

 circular, concentric lines ; a single lamellated star occupying 

 the upper surface ; laminae very fine and entire. 



Turbinolia. Free, simple, turbinated. or wedge-shaped, 

 and acute at the base : longitudinally striated externally, and 

 terminated by a lamellated, stellular cell, which is oblong in 

 some instances. 



Caryophyllia cyathui. PI. 75. f. 33. Mass free, stony, 

 simple, or branched, which, with the stem, is subturbinated, 

 longitudinally striated, and each with a lamellar stellate ter- 

 mination. Mediterranean. Fig. 67, C. Smithii. Fig. 68, 

 animal fully expanded. 



Sarcinula. Free, stony, consisting of a simple, polypifer- 

 ons, and thick mass, composed of united, numerous, parallel, 

 cylindrical, vertical masses, united in fasciculi by intermediate, 

 transverse partitions ; inside of tubes with radiated laminae. 



Stylina. Mass stony, simple, exteriorly rough ; tubes nu- 

 merous, cylindrical, fasciculated, united, containing laminae 

 radiating from a common axis, which is styliform, projecting 

 beyond the tubes. 



SECTION IV. 



With a stony polypiferous, solid, and interiorly compact 

 mass : cells perforated, or tubular, and destitute of laminae. 



Tukipora musica. Pi. 75, f. 34. Stony, composed of cylin- 

 drical tubes, which are straight, parallel, individually sepa- 

 rate, but united by external and transverse partitions ; tubes 

 articulated, communicating by radiating, porous partitions. 

 Indian seas. Fig. 66 is a magnified portion of the tubes. 



Catenipora. Stony, composed of parallel tubes, inserted in 

 the thickness of vertical plates, anastomosed like net-work. 



Favosites. Stony, simple, variable in form, composed of 

 parallel prismatic tubes disposed in fasciculi ; tubes contigu- 

 ous, pentagonal, or hexagonal, more or less regular, and sel- 

 dom articulated. 



Millepora calcarea. PL 75, f. 35. Stony, interiorly solid, 

 polymoi plums, branched, or frondescent, provided with simple 

 pores, which are cylindrical, and usually very small, sometimes 

 hardly perceptible, placed perpendicular to the axis, or to the 

 expansions of the polypiferous mass. European seas. 



Dittichopora. Adherent, solid, stony, with slightly com- 

 pressed branches ; pores unequal, marginal, arranged on oppo- 



iie sides in a longitudinal series, and in the form of sutures ; 

 branches with star-shaped warts on their sides. 



Orbulitei. Free, stony, orbicular, depressed, or slightly 

 concave, both sides porous, or on the margin only; somewhat 

 resembling a Nummulite ; pores minute, disposed in regular 

 order, approximate, sometimes hardly visible. 



l.nnn/ite.i. Free, stony, orbicular, depressed, convex on 

 one side, with radiated striae and pores between them, other 

 side concave, wrinkled, or with divergent furrows. 



OculitfS. Free, stony, egg-shaped, or cylindrical, hollow 

 interiorly; frequently with regularly disposed perforations on 

 both sides. Known only in a lossil state. 



SECTION V. 



Polypiferous masses of a substony consistence, with fron- 

 descent or crustaceous expansions; cells small, short, some- 

 times in a regular series, at other times irregular, and usually 

 disposed at the surface of the expansions of marine sub- 

 stances. 



Dactylnporu. Free, stony, cylindrical, obtuse at one ex- 

 tremity, contracted and perforate at the other ; exterior sur- 

 face reticulated, the meshes rhomboidal, with very small 

 pores. 



Ocellaria. Stony, depressed as a membrane, variously 

 twisteil, somewhat funnel-shaped, with arenaceous superfi- 

 cies, provided with pores on both surfaces; these are disposed 

 iu quincunx order, with the centre inserted into a solid axis. 



Alveolites. Stony, either forming incrustations, or a free 

 mass disposed in numerous concentric layers, covering one 

 another; layers composed each of a junction of tubular pris- 

 matic cells, short, contiguous, and parallel, exterior appearing 

 like network. 



Reteppra cellulosa. PL 75, f. 36. Stony, interiorly porous, 

 with thin, depressed expansions, composed of branches which 

 are sometimes free, usually anastomosed like network; po- 

 lypiferous cells on one side only, at the upper or internal sur- 

 face of the mass. 



Adeona. Nearly stony, caulescent, or fan-shaped; stem 

 suliart ; ru la teil, with obscurely granulated joints, and foliaceons 

 expansions covered with very small cells on hnth sides; these 

 are in a crowded and in quincunx order, with osculi 

 rounded. 



Eschara foliacea. PL 75, f. 37. Nearly stony, but not 

 flexible; expansions lamelliform. thin, fragile, very porous 

 interiorly, entire, or divided; polypiterous cells disposed in 

 quincunx order on both sides. 



Cellepora pumicosa. Pi. 75, f. 38. Nearly stony, interiorly 

 porous, spreading in a raised, foliaceous crust; expansions 

 depressed, lobed, or branching, subconvolute, not flexible, 

 celluliferous on the external surface ; cells urceolate, sub- 

 membranous, gibbous, slightly projecting, contiguous, con- 

 fused, with the aperture constructed. Fig. 39 is a magnified 

 view of this mass of polypi. European seas. 



Discopora. Subcrustaceous, depressed, extended in an 

 undulated, discoid, stony plate, with the upper surface cellu- 

 lar; cells small, numerous, short, contiguous, regularly 

 arranged in subquincunx rows, with the openings not con- 

 structed. 



Tubulipora transversa. PL 75, f. 40. Consisting of a 

 parasitical or incrusting mass, with submembrauous cells 

 disposed in clusters or series, and mostly free ; cells elongated, 

 tubular, aperture orbicular, regular, and rarely dentated. Fig. 

 41, one of the warts magnified. Fig. 42 represents one of the 

 particles of which the crust is composed. Mediterranean. 



Flustr a foliacea. PL 75, f. 12. Flexible, submembranous, 

 stony, and frondescent, or consisting of a thin crust, formed 

 of contiguous cells, disposed in numerous, regular rows, 

 either on one or both surfaces ; cells sessile, short, oblique, 

 with terminal, irregular orifices, frequently dentated or cili- 

 ated on the margin. Fig. 1 is a magnified view of the cells 

 European seas. 



Ftustra carbasea. PI. 75, f. 61, is the polypiferous mass. 

 Fig. 62 represents the tentarula in the polypes of this species, 

 each having a single row of cilia, extending along both the 

 lateral margins from their base to their termination. Fig. 63 

 is a portion of one of these tentacula highly magnified. Fig. 

 64 is :i delineation of one of the gemmules, greatly magnified. 

 Fig. 78 is a part of F . vertidliata greatly magnified. 



SECTION VI. 



Polypiferous masses consisting of one substance only, slen- 

 der, fistulous, membranous, or horny stems, flexible and 

 branched, containing polypi in their interior. 



Polyphysa. Polypiferous mass fungoid, with a calcareous 

 crust, and a simple, filiform, fistulous stem, terminated by a 

 cluster of inflated, vesicular, unequal cells, clustered at top. 



Acetabulum. Fungoid, with a calcareous crust; stem 

 filiform, simple, and fistulous, terminated by an orbicular 

 depression, hollow in the centre; head with radiated striie 

 from above downwards, perforated in the margin, aud com- 

 posed of orbicularly united tubes. 



Ttbiana. Adherent, tubular, membranaceous, or horny, 

 slightly incrusted exteriorly, perforated on the sides, with 

 large, alternate openings, which slightly project. 



Dichotomaria fruticulosa. PI. 75. f. 43. Polypiferous 

 mass with tubular, subarticulate, dichotomous stems, and a 

 calcareous incrustation ; cells of the polypi not apparent. 

 American seas Fig. 44 represents the 1). olituiata, an inha- 

 bitant of the coasts of the Bahama Islands. 



Anguinaria spatulata. PI. 7-S f. 45. Adherent, and ex- 

 tending itself in the form of a plant, climbing, slender, and 



