PUGET PULSE. 



753 



exposed as Peter's was in fact that of a soldier I 

 resembling him ; that the emperor had escaped in 

 disguise, and had at last appeared in the midst of 

 his faithful Cossacks, by whose support lie expected 

 to be restored to the throne. The insurrection 

 began in the middle of August, 1773, when a 

 manifesto was issued in the name of the pseudo- 

 Peter. The number of his followers, which was at 

 first only nine, had increased in September to 300. 

 He was every where joined by his countrymen and 

 the peasantry, to whom he promised deliverance 

 from their oppressions. His force was increased 

 by 500 deserters from the garrison of Jaizkai, and 

 many Roskolnicks (q. v.), and he took several for- 

 tresses, practising the most shocking cruelties. His 

 army now amounted to 16,000 men. and was gain- 

 ing strength by the concourse of Bashkirs, Watiaks, 

 Tartars, &c. He captured Kasan, the old capital 

 of the empire, and passed the Volga. He was at 

 length defeated, at the moment that Moscow was 

 threatened, betrayed by his followers to Suwaroff, 

 and June 10, 1775, executed, together with the 

 other rebel leaders, at Moscow the only instance 

 of capital punishment in the reign of Catharine. 

 Thus ended this rebellion, which cost more than 

 100,000 lives. 



PUGET, PIERRE, a celebrated French sculptor, 

 architect, and painter, born at Marseilles in 1622, 

 was at an early age placed with a ship-builder, but 

 soon after went to Italy, and displayed such marks 

 of talents as to attract the notice of Cortona, who 

 instructed him in painting. He returned to Mar- 

 seilles in 1C43; and there are several pictures from 

 his pencil at Aix, Toulouse, and Marseilles, which 

 are much admired. His design is correct, and his 

 figures graceful, but his colouring is cold. In 1655, 

 being obliged by his health to abandon painting, 

 he thenceforward devoted himself to sculpture and 

 architecture, in which he received no instruction. 

 His success in these departments of art was com- 

 plete. He lived some time at Genoa, where he 

 executed numerous works in statuary and archi- 

 tecture, and, in 1669, was recalled to France by 

 Colbert, as director of the ornaments of ships of 

 war, in which capacity he was employed in carving 

 figures, bass-reliefs, &c. But he soon returned to 

 labours more worthy of his genius, and produced a 

 great number of works in marble, which have 

 gained for him the appellation of the Michael An- 

 gelo of France. Puget died at Marseilles in 1C94. 



PUGILISM. See Gymnastics. 



PUGLIA. See Apulia. 



PULAWSKI, COUNT JOSEPH; a distinguished 

 Pole, who, after attempting in vain to restore the 

 independence of his own country, entered the 

 American service. Pulawski had followed the 

 profession of the law, and, in 1768, was at the 

 head of the patriots who formed the confederation 

 of Bar. Eight noblemen only constituted the first 

 assembly of that confederation, and of these three 

 were the sons, and one the nephew of Pulawski. 

 (See Poland.) In 1771, at the head of a few ac- 

 complices, he seized the person of the king (see 

 Poniatowski) ; but, the latter having procured his 

 liberation, Pulawski was condemned to death, and 

 obliged to save himself by flight. He soon after 

 went to America, and offered his services to the 

 United States against the mother country. Being 

 appointed brigadier-general in the American ser- 

 vice, he served both in the northern and in the 

 southern army. October 9, 1779, he was mortally 

 wounded in the attack on Savannah, and died two 

 days afterwards. 



PULCI, LUIGI, an Italian poet, born at Florence 

 in 1431, was the youngest of three brothers distin- 



guished for their talents and learning. Of the cir- 

 cumstances of his life we know nothing but that he 

 lived in terms of intimacy with Lorenzo de'Medici 

 and Politian. His epic poem, // Morg&nte Mag- 

 giore, in which he relates the adventures and ex- 

 ploits of Rinaldo and the giant Morgante, is said 

 to have been written at the suggestion of Lorenzo's 

 mother, and to have been read, as an entertainment, 

 at table. Pulci cannot bear a comparison with 

 Ariosto and Tasso ; he cannot be denied to possess 

 fancy, but he wants taste and judgment. His mix- 

 ture of the grave, lofty, and sacred, with the mean 

 and burlesque, which is offensive to modern taste, 

 was in accordance with the spirit of his age. His 

 style is rich in pure Tuscan modes of expression, 

 but his versification is rude and clumsy. Lord 

 Byron translated this work of Pulci's. His brother 

 Bernardo was the author of some elegies and short 

 pnems. Another brother, Luca, wrote heroic 

 epistles, a pastoral romance (Driadeo d'Amore), 

 and an epic romance, probably the first in Italian 

 (// Ciriffo Calvaned). 



PULCINELLA. See Punchinello. 



PULLEY. See Mechanics. 



PULMONARY CONSUMPTION. See Con- 

 sumption. 



PULO PINANG. See Prince of Wales's Is- 

 land. 



PULQUE, or OCTLI ; a favourite drink of the 

 Mexicans, extracted from the maguey, or agave 

 Mexicana. At the moment of efflorescence, the 

 flower-stalk is extirpated, and the juice destined to 

 form the fruit flows into the cavity thus formed, 

 and is taken out two or three times a day for four 

 or five months. The sap in this state is called 

 aguamiel (honey-water), and, when allowed to fer- 

 ment about twelve or fifteen days, forms madre 

 pulque, or mother of pulque. This is used as a 

 leaven. A small quantity, being placed in a vessel 

 of the aguamiel, produces a fermentation, and 

 renders it pulque, in the best state for drinking, in 

 twenty-four hours. It is a cool, refreshing drink, 

 and its intoxicating qualities are slight. 



PULSE (from the Latin pulstis, a beating, a 

 blow) ; the motion of an artery, consisting of its 

 alternate expansion and contraction, which, in 

 practice, is considered as a beating. This motion 

 is the strongest in the heart, which is the centre of 

 the arterial system, and from it is propagated 

 through all the minutest branches of the arteries. 

 In those which lie immediately under the skin, it 

 can be felt with the finger, as is the case with the 

 radial artery, the pulsation of which is very per- 

 ceptible at the wrist. (See Blood, and Heart.) 

 The state of the pulse is, therefore, an indication of 

 the action of the heart and the whole arterial 

 system, and of the condition of the blood, and the 

 physical functions in general. The circumstances 

 to be attended to in the pulse are either the 

 number of pulsations which take place in a 

 given time, and the regularity or irregularity of 

 their occurrence, or the character of each pulsa- 

 tion. In the former case, the pulse is said to be 

 quick or slow, according to the number of pulsa- 

 tions in a given interval ; regular or irregular, as 

 they occur at equal or unequal intervals. In the 

 latter case, it is strong or weak, hard or soft, full 

 or small, &c. It is affected by the age, sex, and 

 temperament of the individual, and by accidental 

 circumstances, as sleep, food, exercise, heat, &c. 

 The pulse is most rapid in childhood, making fiom 

 100 to 110 beats in a minute, and is regular, and 

 rather soft and small. In youth, it is much less 

 rapid, making not far from ninety beats a minute. 

 At this period, it is regular, strong, rather soft than 

 SB 



