772 



QUANTITY QUARTZ 



from them ; anil the phrase has become quite com- 

 mon, being used in such connections as the quand 

 meme principle. Quatid meme was, and perhaps 

 Mill is, the motto of the most violent ultra paper. 



QUANTITY AND QUALITY are two forms of 

 thinking, considered to be among the original ideas 

 of the human understanding, or categories. (See 

 Kant.) Qualities are the interior properties of an 

 object, which are observable in it, without compar- 

 ison with other objects. By quantity, however, we 

 understand that property of an object by which it 

 can be increased and diminished, and estimated 

 according to a given measure. Quantity, in con- 

 nexion with time, produces the idea of number, 

 inasmuch as we represent to our mind a successive 

 repetition of unities. In logic, the ideas of quality 

 and quantity are of great importance, and are 

 treated with much acuteness by Kant. 



QUANTITY, in verse. See Prosody. 



QUANTZ, JOHN JOACHIM, a flute player, chiefly 

 known as teacher on the flute to Frederic the Great, 

 was born in Hanover, in 1697. His father was a 

 smith. After holding several appointments, he was 

 invited, in 1741, by the king of Prussia, to Berlin, 

 and remained with this monarch until his death, in 

 1 773. He did much to improve his instrument, and 

 is said to have composed 299 concertos and 200 

 solos for his royal pupil, of which few came before 

 the public. Frederic was very fond of him, and 

 caused a monument to be erected to him after his 

 death. 



QUARANTINE; the period during which a 

 ship, coming from a port suspected of contagion, or 

 having a contagious sickness on board, is forbidden 

 intercourse with the place where she arrives. The 

 term is derived from the Italian quarantina, a space 

 of forty days, because originally that was the fixed 

 period for all ships under such circumstances. But 

 the time of a ship's detention is now very various, 

 according to the exigencies of the case. 



QUARLES, FRANCIS, an English poet, born in 

 1592, near Rumford, in Essex, was educated at 

 Cambridge, and entered at Lincoln's Inn. He was 

 under-secretary to archbishop Usher, in Ireland, 

 from which country he was driven, with the loss of 

 his property, by the rebellion of 1641, and was ap- 

 pointed chronologer to the city of London. At the 

 commencement of the civil wars, he wrote a work 

 entitled the Loyal Convert, which gave offence to 

 the parliament ; and when he afterwards joined the 

 king at Oxford, his property was sequestrated, and 

 his books and MSS. plundered. He was so much 

 affected by his losses, that grief is supposed to have 

 hastened his death, in 1644. Of the works of 

 Quarles, in prose and verse, the most celebrated is 

 his Emblems, a set of designs in prints, illustrated 

 by verses. A great part of them are borrowed from 

 the Emblems of Hermanus Hugo, but the verses 

 are his own, and, in the midst of much false taste 

 and conceit, contain frequent bursts of fancy and 

 strokes of pathos. 



QUARTAN AGUE. See Fever. 



QUARTER ; the fourth part of any thing, the 

 fractional expression for which is . Quarter in 

 weights, is generally used for the fourth part of a 

 hundred weight avoirdupois, or twenty-eight Ib. 

 Used as the name of a dry measure, quarter is the 

 fourth part of a ton in weight, or eight bushels. 



QUA 11TER, in heraldry, is applied to the parts 

 or members of the first division of a coat that is 

 quartered, or divided into four quarters. 



QUARTER OF A POINT, in navigation, is 

 the fourth part of the distance between two cardinal 

 points, which is 2 48'. 



OUARTER ; that part of a ship's side which lies 



toward" the stern, or which is comprehended be- 

 tween .he aft-most end of the main chains and the 

 sides of the stern, where it is terminated by the 

 quarter-pieces. 



QUARTER MASTER, in the navy; an inferior 

 officer appointed to assist the mates in their several 

 duties. 



QUARTERING, in heraldry, is dividing a coat 

 into four or more quarters or quarterings, by part- 

 ing, couping, &c., that is, by perpendicular and 

 horizontal lines, &c. 



QUARTERS imply the several stations where 

 the officers and crew of a ship of war are posted in 

 time of action. 



QUARTER SESSIONS. See Courts. 



QUARTERING OF SOLDIERS. It was for- 

 merly taken for granted that it was the duty of 

 subjects to give shelter and support to soldiers in 

 the pay of their sovereign, both on their march 

 and in their winter quarters. An ordinance was 

 made on this subject in France, under Louis XII. 

 (1514); but this obligation of the citizens was 

 abolished entirely, by the law of July 8, 1791, in 

 regard to garrison troops; and soldiers on the march 

 were to be entitled only to lodging, fire and light; 

 thus the former numerous privileges of quarters, 

 belonging to the nobility and other classes, were 

 set aside. In Germany, this subject formerly gave 

 rise to much perplexity, on account of the double 

 relations between the emperor and empire, and the 

 territorial sovereigns and their subjects, and the 

 particular obligations of the imperial cities towards 

 the emperor, especially when Wallenstejn, in the 

 thirty years' war, began the system of requisitions 

 by which he maintained his army not only at the 

 expense of their enemies, but also at the expense 

 of the allies of the emperor his master. The re- 

 sult of the consequent difficulties was, that, in trea- 

 ties of peace and the laws of the empire, provision 

 was made to prevent similar oppressions of the states 

 of the empire. The quartering of troops became 

 a most heavy burden on the people of G ernmny, 

 when, in consequence of coalitions against revolu- 

 tionary France, French armies, by degrees, inun- 

 dated all the German territory, and required, both 

 in hostile and allied states, sufficient means for 

 their entire support, and generally still more. Many 

 difficulties were created by this state of things. 

 Several German works have been written on the 

 proper distribution of the burden of quartering sol- 

 diers, and the indemnification for it. 



QUARTEROONS ; descendants of a mulatto 

 and a white. The descendants of a quarteroon 

 and a white are called quinteroons. 



QUARTETTO; a musical composition for four 

 instruments, generally stringed instruments, in con- 

 cert (i. e. two violins, one viol, and one violoncel- 

 lo) ; also a composition for four voices, with or with- 

 out accompaniment. In instrumental quartettes, 

 Haydn opened a new path. Mozart, Beethoven, 

 the two Rombergs, Spohr, Ries, Onslow, Feska, 

 followed. The simple charm of harmony and me- 

 lody gives the chief effect to the quartetto. The 

 quartetto is better the more independent are the 

 four voices; the predominance of one voice gives 

 rise to the solo quartetto. Quintettes and sextet- 

 tos, for stringed instruments, are often reckoned 

 among the quartetto music. 



QUARTZ; the name of a well-known mineral 

 species, which surpasses all others in the extent of 

 its distribution. It is also one of the most com- 

 prehensive in the varieties it embraces, which are 

 especially numerous as respects colour, lustre and 

 fracture. Its contents have very improperly been 

 swollen, however, by the introduction of many sub- 



