soo 



RAILWAYS. 



, iiterprise completes the graiul system of com- 

 munication between the south and the north, from 

 the basin of the It hone to those of the Loire and of 

 the Srinr, and will remedy the great difficulties in 

 tlic navigation of the Loire above Roanne. It 

 was undertaken principally with the view of facili- 

 tating the transportation of coal from St Etienne to 

 tin- basins of the Loire and Seine, and will form a 

 continuation of the railroad from the Loire to St 

 Ktienne. At Roanne, the Loire becomes navigable 

 both in the ascent and descent. This railroad has 

 only one track ; the rails are of wrought iron ; the 

 curves in the road have 6<>6- feet radius. It was 

 estimated that the annual transportation upon the 

 road would be from 160,030 to 180,000 tons. The 

 cost was 5O.74G francs per kilometre. 



The Lyons and St Etienne railroad extends from 

 Lyons to St Etienne, following the river G ier and 

 the Rhone, thus connecting two of the principal 

 manufacturing cities of France. It is a double 

 track railroad, and is thirty-four miles and four 

 fifths in length. The rails are of wrought iron, 

 supported on stone ; the curves of this road have 

 at least 1666 feet radius. The rout is divided into 

 three divisions. The first division extends from 

 Lyons to Givors. The principal works on this 

 division are the bridge over the Saone, the deep 

 rut at Pierre Benite, the passage of Vernaison, and 

 the tunnel of the Mulatiere. The second division 

 extends from Givors to Rive de Gier. The tunnel 

 of Hive de Gier is 3020 feet in length. The third 

 division extends from Rive de Gier to St Etienne. 

 It is connected by a branch road with the railroad 

 from St Etienne to the Loire. The tunnels upon 

 this railroad are fourteen in number, and their 

 aggregate length 13,123 feet. The shortest of 

 these tunnels will contain two tracks, and will be 

 sixteen feet four and a half inches wide ; the other 

 will be only ten feet in width, and will contain 

 only one track. The cost of this road was 9,939,000 

 francs. It was commenced in 1826, and finished in 

 1831. The annual transportation is estimated at 

 317,000 tons. Locomotive engines, manufactured 

 by Seguin, are used upon this road, which are said 

 to be superior in power to the similar English 

 engines, and are much lighter and cheaper. The 

 locomotives of Seguin cost 10,000 francs, produce 

 400 kilogrammes of steam per hour (about 882 

 pounds), and weigh only 6000 kilogrammes (about 

 13,230 pounds). The Paris and Versailles railroad 

 was commenced in 1827. It extends from the road 

 near the Hopital des Jnvalides at Paris to Versailles. 

 It is intended only to convey travellers to the royal 

 palace. The carriages contain six persons, drawn 

 by one horse. Upon an average, 600 to 800 persons 

 travel daily from Paris to Versailles. The Epinac 

 railroad. A company has been formed for the 

 purpose of constructing a railroad from Epinac to 

 the canal of Bourgogne. Epinac is situated in the 

 department of Saone and Loire, near Autun. The 

 railroad will be about seventeen miles and three fifths 

 in length, and will establish a communication 

 between the canals of the Centre and of Bour- 

 gogne. By this means, the collieries of Epinac 

 will be able to supply with coals Franche Comte, 

 Bourgogne, Champaigne, and, generally, all the 

 country traversed by a part of the Saone, the canal 

 Monsieur, the canal of Bourgogne and the Yonne ; 

 and, when the canal of Bourgogne is finished, they 

 will be able to supply Paris with coals at a price 

 much less than that of any now consumed there. 

 A railroad is formed from Paris to Rouen, with 

 branches to Havre and Dieppe, connecting the 

 metropolis with a large manufacturing town, and 

 with the seaports on the Channel. The cost of a 



railroad, with a double track, from Paris to Hnrre, 

 was estimated at 118,000 francs per kilometre of 

 3280 fret, and the annual transportation between 

 these two cities is about 300,000 tons. It has also 

 been determined to construct a railroad from Paris 

 to Pontoise. Measures were adopted to effect this 

 object in the latter part of the year 1831. Rail- 

 roads have been projected from Paris to Lyons, 

 from Strasburg to Paris, and from Calais to Paris. 



Germany. The Danube and Moldau railrwul. 

 The Danube and the Moldau have been connected 

 by a railroad extending from Munthausen, in Aus- 

 tria, to Budweis, in Bohemia. It is seventy-five 

 miles in length, and has a single track. It is con- 

 structed of iron tracks, laid upon rails of wood, and 

 cost 135,000. This work was commenced in 

 1826. It produces to the proprietors an annual 

 income of ten per cent. A single horse draws upon 

 it a load of ten tons. It has been determined by 

 the governments of Hanover and Brunswick to 

 construct a railroad uniting the cities of Harbourg 

 and Luneburg with Celle and Brunswick. The 

 chevalier Baader has proposed to unite the Danube 

 and the Rhine by a railroad. The project of uniting 

 these two rivers by a canal was first proposed by 

 Charlemagne ; and the project has lately been 

 revived in Germany. The distance by a canal 

 would be seventy-eight geometrical leagues, and 

 the cost would be 8,000,000 florins. Baader pic- 

 poses to substitute a railroad which would be omy 

 thirty-two geometrical leagues in length, by means 

 of which boats might be transported from Donau- 

 wert to Markbreit on the Mein in thirty hours. 

 The route proposed commences at Donauwert, and 

 proceeds along the left bank of the Woruitz till it 

 arrives opposite Hasburg, situated on the right 

 bank; thence passing near Hopping, Schratten- 

 hoff, Wornitz, Oettingen, Bellerhaus, and Diebach, 

 it terminates at Markbreit on the Mein. 



Russia. In Russia, railways have long been in 

 use. 



Spain. A railroad from Jarez to Puerto de 

 Santa Maria and San Lucar has been projected. 

 The estimated cost is ,40,000 ; and it is proposed 

 to raise that sum in 4000 shares, at ten pounds 

 each. It is under the direct patronage of- the king 

 and queen, the former having subscribed for sixty 

 shares, and the latter for forty shares. This list 

 also contains the names of four grandees and two 

 ministers. At present, all the sherry wine which 

 is exported is carried, at a great expense, from 

 Jarez to the place of shipment ; it is to be here- 

 after transported on the railroad. If the under- 

 taking is successful, it will probably lead to the 

 introduction of railways in other districts where 

 they are equally wanted. Corn, in the interior of 

 Spain, is almost valueless, from the cost and delay 

 in transporting it to the coast. 



United States. The Quincy railroad. This is 

 the first work of the kind which has been attempted 

 in the United States. It was constructed solely 

 for the transport of granite, and commences at the 

 granite quary in Quincy, and descending gradually, 

 terminates at the Neponset river, which flows into 

 Boston harbour. It is a single track railroad, 

 three miles in length. The ascent of the hill on 

 which the quarry is situated, is overcome by a self- 

 acting inclined plane. The sleepers are of granite, 

 seven and a half feet long, and laid eight feet apart. 

 The distance between the rails is five feet. The 

 rails are of pine, twelve inches deep, with a cover- 

 ing of oak, on which are laid the thin plates of 

 wrought iron upon which the cars traverse. The 

 least radius of curvature is 300 feet. When it was 

 first constructed, the usual load for one horse was 



