KEGULUS REID. 



837 



the walls of Carthage, where thirty thousand Ro- 

 mans fell, and llegulus was made prisoner. Car- 

 thage could now hope to obtain a peace upon better 

 terms. An embassy was, therefore, sent to Rome, 

 accompanied by Regulus, who was obliged to bind 

 himself by an oath to return to Carthage, if Rome 

 should refuse the terms proposed. Regulus, how- 

 ever, considered it his duty, in opposition to the 

 wishes of the Carthaginians, to advise the continu- 

 ance of the war ; and neither the prayers and tears 

 of his wife and children, nor the entreaties of the 

 senate and people, who were ready to save the 

 liberty and life of such a citizen by any sacrifice, 

 could bend him from his purpose. The prosecu- 

 tion of the war was, therefore, decided upon, and 

 the Carthaginian ambassadors returned home as- 

 tonished and irritated, and with them Regulus, in 

 obedience to his oath. The cruel revenge which 

 the Carthaginians are said to have taken on Regu- 

 lus, is doubted by many modern enquirers, and the 

 silence of Polybius and Diodorus Siculus upon this 

 subject, is certainly remarkable ; however this 

 may be, his firmness in refusing to purchase his 

 life by the sacrifice of the public good, is worthy of 

 admiration. 



REGULUS, in chemistry, denotes a metal in its 

 most extensive sense a metal in its proper metal- 

 lic state. The term is now little used. The old 

 chemists chiefly employed it as a distinctive appel- 

 lation, when a metal and one of its ores happened 

 to be called by the same name. 



REICHARDT, JOHN FREDERIC ; a musical 

 composer, and author, who was a corresponding 

 member of the French institute. He was born at 

 Konigsberg, in 1751 ; studied in the university of 

 Konigsberg, under Kant; travelled much; was 

 appointed, in 1775, master of the chapel for the 

 Italian opera in Berlin ; did a great deal for music 

 under the reign of Frederic William II.; was ap- 

 pointed, in 1807, by the king of Westphalia, direc- 

 tor of the French and German theatre ; and died 

 in 1814. His compositions are very numerous; 

 among which are the Tamerlane of Morel, and the 

 Panthea of Berquin. Some of his lighter produc- 

 tions are very fine. His literary productions are, 

 Familiar Letters, written during a Journey in 

 France in 1792 (2 vols. 8vo.) ; New Familiar Let- 

 ters during a Journey in France in 1803 and 1804 

 (3 vols., 8vo.); Familiar Letters on Vienna, &c.; 

 Napoleon Bonaparte and the French People under 

 his Consulate, &c. In 1804 and 1805, he was con- 

 ductor of the Musical Gazette of Berlin. Reich- 

 ardt was not a great musical genius, but had formed 

 himself by study and an excellent taste. 



REICHENBACH, GEORGE OF, a distinguished 

 mechanical artist, was born, August 24, 1772> at 

 Manheim, and died at Munich, May 21, 1826. In 

 the establishments for the manufacture of optical 

 instruments, which he founded at Munich and Ben- 

 edictbeurn, in 1805, in conjunction with Utzsch- 

 neider and Fraunhofer, all the instruments necessary 

 for astronomical and geodetical operations were 

 made in great perfection. The great' meridian cir- 

 cles of three feet diameter, the twelve inch repeat- 

 ing circles, theodolites, &c., which proceeded from 

 these manufactories, are unsurpassed in simplicity 

 and convenience of construction, in the fineness 

 and delicacy of their divisions, and in their whole 

 arrangement. The telescopes from the optical 

 manufactopy of Fraunhofer at Benedictbeurn, are 

 distinguished for the excellence of their flint glass, 

 and, in fact, their whole construction. (See Tele- 

 scopes.) The great equatorial instrument of Rei- 

 chenbach and the heliometers of Fraunhofer have 

 satisfied the highest expectations of astronomers. 



Reichenbach constructed a peculiar instrument for 

 baron Zach, in 1812, which may be called a portable 

 observatory, as it unites in itself the two principal in- 

 struments of an observatory, a perfect meridian tele- 

 scope joined to a repeating circle, together with a re- 

 peating theodolite for the measurement of azimuths. 

 He likewise distinguished himself by his ingenious 

 constructions at the Bavarian saltworks (see Berch 

 tesgaden, and Reichenhall), and by his invention of 

 iron bridges, according to a new method, to which 

 he devoted a particular treatise. 



REICHENBACH, CONGRESS AND CONVENTION 

 OF. See Congress. 



REICHENBERG, the largest provincial town of 

 Bohemia, in the circle of Buntzlau, at the foot of 

 the Jeschkenberg, on the river Neisse, has 14,000 

 inhabitants and much manufacturing industry. The 

 environs afford precious stones. There are about 

 900 master weavers of woollen cloth, producing 

 annually 100,000 pieces (of thirty-six ells each) ; 

 numerous dyers, spinners, &c. There are also 400 

 master linen-weavers, and 300 master workmen 

 engaged in making stockings. About thirty-eight 

 populous villages around Reichenberg are supported 

 by it. The Bohemians are naturally great musi- 

 cians, and the traveller is surprised by excellent mus- 

 ical choirs in many of the manufactories in this place. 



REICHENHALL, a town in the Bavarian circle 

 of the Isar, with 2400 inhabitants on the Sala, is, in 

 some measure, the central point of the four gigantic 

 Bavarian salt-works. The most ancient documents 

 respecting the salt-works of lleichenhall reach back 

 to the eighth century ; but the wood in the imme- 

 diate vicinity having been so far exhausted, that 

 the brine could no longer be boiled on the spot, a 

 brine-conductor was constructed as early as 1618, 

 by a Mr Reifenstuhl, to Traunstein, a distance of 

 several leagues, by which it is carried over a per- 

 pendicular height of 828 feet. A similar conduc- 

 tor of brine was executed in 1809, in twenty months 

 by Von Reichenbach, to Rosenheim, on the Inn, 

 a much greater distance, in spite of numberless 

 obstacles. Mr Reichenbach effected, in 1817, a 

 connexion of the salt-works at Reicheiihall, Traun- 

 stein, and Rosenheim, with the salt-works at 

 Berchtesgaden. Though the Ferdinandsberg, near 

 Berchtesgaden, is situated 160 feet higher than 

 Reichenhall, yet, on account of the intervening 

 mountains, the brine is raised by two machines 

 1579 Rhenish feet, and descends again 1740 feet to 

 Reichenhall. For this, a structure of pipes, partly 

 covered, partly open, 102,000 Rhenish feet in 

 length, part of wood, part of iron, was necessary. 

 One of the machines, constructed according to a 

 new principle by Reichenbach, raises the saturated 

 brine 1218 Rhenish feet perpendicularly. 



REICHSTADT, a lordship in Bohemia. The 

 chief town of the same name contains a beautiful 

 castle and 1900 inhabitants ; about fifty miles north- 

 east of Prague, 



REICHSTADT, DUKE OF. See Bonaparte, 

 Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles. 



REID, THOMAS, an eminent metaphysician, was 

 born in 1710, at Strachen, in Kincardineshire, where 

 his father was minister, and educated at Marischal 

 college, Aberdeen. In 1737, he was presented by 

 King's college, Aberdeen, with the living of New 

 Machar, in the same county, where the greater 

 part of his time was spent in the most intense study. 

 In 1752, he was elected professor of moral philoso- 

 phy at King's college, Aberdeen, and, in 1763, 

 accepted the same ofhce at Glasgow. In 1764, he 

 published his celebrated Inquiry into the Human 

 Mind on the Principle of Common Sense, which 

 was succeeded, in 1786, by his Essays on the Intel- 



