REMONSTRANTS RENFREW. 



841 



greatest correctness and harmony. His pictures 

 are therefore all full of warmth, and his chiaro- 

 scuro replete with inimitable truth. In his lights, 

 he laid on the colours so unsparingly, that they 

 project far from the surface, and thereby much 

 increase the effect. He generally introduced very 

 strong lights in his pictures. He always preferred 

 light from above, and therefore had a small aper- 

 ture made in his chamber, by which alone his 

 model was lighted. To this uniform method it 

 must be ascribed, that his colouring is almost 

 always alike, and somewhat monotonous. His 

 numerous paintings are dispersed in various public 

 and private cabinets. The most celebrated are 

 Tobias and his Family kneeling before the Angel ; 

 the Two Philosophers ; Christ at Emmaus ; the 

 Workshop of a Carpenter ; the Good Samaritan ; 

 the Presentation in the Temple ; the portrait of 

 himself and his wife ; the Threatening Prisoner ; 

 Samson and Delilah ; a Descent from the Cross ; 

 Christ among the little Children ; the Apostle 

 Paul ; the portraits of his mother and himself ; a 

 Holy Family ; Hagar ; Christ in the Temple ; a 

 Burial of Christ ; the Sacrifice of Manoah ; the 

 Feast of Ahasuerus ; Ganymede ; portraits of him- 

 self and his mother and daughter (the Girl with the 

 Carnation); Saul and David ; Tobias ; a Circum- 

 cision ; Himself and Family, and landscapes. 

 Rembrandt's engravings possess a wonderful free- 

 dom, facility, and boldness, and are truly pictur- 

 esque. H is careless, unstudied manner agrees with 

 the low subjects which he generally selected. His 

 most distinguished pupils, who are easily recognised 

 by their manner of colouring, were Ferdinand Bol, 

 Gerard Douw, Gerbrand van Eckhout, Michael 

 Poorter, Philip Koning, Govaert Flink. 



REMONSTRANTS. See Arminians, and Ar- 

 minius. 



REMSCHEID ; a village and parish in the 

 duchy of Berg, now in the government of Dussel- 

 dorf, in Prussia, one of the most important manu- 

 facturing places in Germany. It is extensive, and 

 has about 6000 inhabitants. About 400,000 scythes, 

 many files, saws, &c., are made here annually ; also 

 steel ware of all kinds. 

 REMUS. See Romulus. 



REMUSAT, JEAN PIERRE ABEL, one of the most 

 distinguished linguists of Europe, member of the 

 academy, and professor of the Chinese and Tartar 

 languages at the college de France, was born at 

 Paris, Sept. 5, 1788. Having studied medicine, 

 he received the degree of doctor in 1814, but at the 

 same time followed his inclinations, which led him 

 to the study of the Oriental languages, particularly 

 the Tartar, Chinese, Thibetan, &c. In 1811 ap- 

 peared his Essai sur la Langue et la Litterature 

 Chinoises, which attracted the attention of the 

 learned, and opened to him the doors of the acade- 

 mies at Grenoble and Besangon. Some other 

 writings on the Chinese soon followed. In 1814, 

 Louis XVIII. appointed him professor, and in 1816, 

 he was admitted into the academy of inscriptions. 

 After Visconti's death in 1818, he was appointed 

 eilitor of the Journal des Savans. Many excel- 

 lent treatises by him appeared in the Moniteur, 

 in the Journal des Savans, in the Fundgruben des 

 Orients, &c., some of which have also been pub- 

 lished separately. His principal works, besides 

 the Essai, were his Plan d'un Dictionnaire Chinois 

 (1814); Le Livre des Recompenses et des Peines 

 (translated from the Chinese, IS 17). He also 

 assisted in the Memoires concernant les Chinois 

 (1814, in 16 vols.), and, in 1820, made known to 

 us a second Plato in the Chinese philosopher La- 

 hotsc. His Melanges Asiatirjucs (Paris, 1825, 2 



vols.) contain treatises upon the religion, morals, 

 language, history, and geography of the nations of 

 the East. In 1827, he made the Parisians acquainted 

 with the manners of the Chinese through his Contes 

 Chinois (3 vols.) His death took place in May, 

 1832. Concerning his Chinese grammar, and tlm 

 difference between the structure of the Chinese ami 

 the Sanscrit, Greek, German, and Latin languages, 

 consult Alexander von Humboldt's Sendschrilicn 

 an Remusat (Paris, 1827). 



RENARD THE FOX (in German, Reinecke, 

 or Reinicke der Fuchs). This famous satire, in 

 the epic form, appeared at Lubeck, in 1498, in 

 Low German, in the Frisian dialect, under the title 

 Rynke de Vos. It is an admirable satire on the 

 intrigues practised at a weak court. The charac- 

 ters are animals, and the arch rogue the fox, called 

 Renard, is the hero. Nothing is known with cer- 

 tainty respecting the author, who calls himself 

 " Henry von Alkmaar, schoolmaster, and tutor of 

 the duke of Lorraine," and pretends to have trans- 

 lated it from the French. (Meon'has published the 

 French Roman du Renard, written in the thirteenth 

 century, from manuscripts, Paris, 1823). Rollen- 

 hagen, in his preface to the Froschmausler , thinks 

 Nicholas Baumann (born at Einden, in 1450) to 

 have been the author. He was in various public 

 employments, and a doctor of law. The wrongs 

 which he suffered at the court of the duke of Juliers 

 are said to have induced him to write this poem. 

 In 1479, appeared at Gouda, in Holland, and, in 

 1483, at Delft, a Historic von Reynaert de P'oss, in 

 prose, which is considered by some as the true 

 original, composed of several French fables. This 

 was republished in 1783, at Lubeck. The latest 

 editions are those of Eutin (1797), by Bredow, and 

 of Halberstadt (1825), by Scheller. Several rifaccia- 

 menti, in High German, have appeared : and a part 

 of it has been rendered into hexameters by the poet 

 Goethe. It has been translated into several modern 

 languages, and also into Latin. The English prose 

 translation ought not to be taken as a specimen of 

 the original, in which humour and wit abound. 



RENDEZVOUS ; the port or place of destina- 

 tion, where the several ships of a fleet or squadron 

 are appointed to join company, or to rejoin, in case 

 of separation. 



Rendezvous is also a name given to any house 

 where a press-gang resides, and volunteers are 

 invited to enter into the navy ; also a place ap- 

 pointed to meet in at a certain day and hour. 



RENFREW ; an ancient royal burgh of Scot- 

 land, capital of the county of the same name, is 

 situated near the south bank of the river Clyde, 

 six miles west from Glasgow, and three north from 

 Paisley. The term Renfrew is variously written 

 Ranfrew, Rainfrew, and Renfrew, in the old char- 

 ters, and is supposed to be composed of the two 

 British words Ren, or Rhyn, a point or promon- 

 tory, and frew, a flux or flow ; implying that the 

 place is a point of land liable to be overflowed by 

 the tide, which applied, at one time, to the local 

 character and figure of a part of the parish. By 

 the old natives themselves, the burgh is called 

 Arranthrew, which we have heard explained to 

 signify the ford at the island. Whatever was the 

 original extent of the town, it does not come into 

 notice in history, till it was created a burgh by 

 David I. That munificent prince also endeavoured 

 to increase its buildings and its trade, by granting 

 to some of the monasteries ground for building, with 

 certain rights of fishing and trading. Renfrew 

 and the adjacent territory formed part of the estates 

 that were granted by David I. to Walter, the first 

 Stewart ; and it thus became the burgh of a baron, 



