SSI? 



ROCAMBOLE ROCHEJAQUELEIN 



property of the duke. An English garrison was 

 -uiiioiirii at I miTMKLiil. near Aberfoyle, the clacAan 

 (residence) of Kob-Roy ; but his activity and 

 courage saved him from the hands uf his enemies, 

 tri'in whom he continued for some time to levy 

 mail. The time of his death is uncertain, but 

 he is known to have survived the year 1733, and 

 tin-.) nn aired man, in his bed, in his own house, 

 in the parish of Balquhidder. See Sir Walter 

 Si-mi's Introduction to the novel of " Rob-Roy" for 

 a full account of this chieftain, whom the great 

 novelist has plucked from the dim light of fast- 

 I'.uling tradition, and placed in immortal radiance 

 among the brightest creations of his fertile imagi- 

 nation. 



ROCAMBOLE (alliurn scorodoprasutri) ; a spe- 

 cies of onion, having bulbs resembling those of the 

 garlic ; but the cloves are smaller. It is cultivated 

 tor the same purposes, and is considered as having 

 a more delicate flavour. 



ROCHAMBEAU, JEAN BAPTISTE DONATIEN DE 

 VIMEOR, conite de, marshal of France, born at Ven- 

 dome, in 1 725, entered the army at the age of six- 

 teem, and served in Germany under marshal Broglio. 

 In 1746, he became aid-de-camp to Louis Philip, 

 duke of Orleans ; and afterwards, obtaining the 

 command of the regiment df La Marche, distin- 

 guished himself at the battle of Lafeldt, where he 

 \v as wounded ; obtained fresh laurels at Creveldt, 

 Minden, Corbach and Clostercamp ; and, having 

 l>een made lieutenant-general, was, in 1780, sent 

 wiih an army of 6000 men to the assistance of the 

 United States of America. Having embarked in 

 Rhode Island, he acted in concert with Washington, 

 first against Clinton, in New York, and then against 

 Comwallis, rendering important services at the siege 

 of Yorktown, which were rewarded by a present of 

 two cannons taken from lord Comwallis. After 

 the revolution, Rochambeau was raised to the rank 

 of a marshal by Louis XVI., and he was appointed 

 to the command of the army of the north. He was 

 soon superseded by more active officers, and, being 

 calumniated by the popular journalists, he address- 

 ed to the legislative assembly a vindication of his 

 conduct. A decree of approbation was consequently 

 passed in May, 1792, and he retired to his estate, 

 near Vendome, with a determination to interfere no 

 more with public affairs. He was subsequently ar- 

 rested, and narrowly escaped suffering death under 

 the tyranny of Robespierre. In 1803, he was pre- 

 sented to Bonaparte, who, in the year following, 

 gave him a pension, and the cross of grand officer 

 of the legion of honour. His death took place in 

 1807. His Mtmoires were published in 1809 (8vo). 

 Robin's Voyage dans I Amtrique Septentrionale 

 (1782) contains some important details concerning 

 Rocham beau's campaign in the United States. 



ROCHDALE ; a market-town of England, in 

 the county of Lancaster, is situated 198 miles N.N. 

 U'. from London, at the foot of the Blackstone 

 edge hills, occupying two valleys formed by the 

 Roche and Spaddon rivers. It consists of three 

 principal streets, and several irregular ones, all well 

 paved and lighted with gas. The houses are in 

 general well built of stone. The chief public edi- 

 fi ';. are the church and chapel of the parish, a 

 cloth hall, a theatre, a town hall, an assembly room ; 

 besides chapels for Presbyterians, Baptists, and Me- 

 thodists. The church, dedicated to St Chad, stands 

 on a considerable eminence, the ascent to which, 

 from the lower part of the town, is by a flight of 122 

 steps. It is a spacious building, in the early pointed 

 style, with an embattled square tower, ornamented 

 with pinnacles ; and within it is an ancient stone 

 font. There is a chapel of ease to this church, 



called St Mary's chapel, which was erected in 1714. 

 A district chapel, dedicated to St James, was built 

 in 1820, in the later pointed style, with an embat- 

 tled tower. Tlie principal manufactures of Roch- 

 dale are those of baize, flannel, Bath coating', broad 

 cloth, calicoes, and strong cotton goods. The spin- 

 ning of cotton is also carried on very extensively ; 

 and hat-making furnishes employment for a numbe- 

 of persons. Many of the factories are on a very 

 large scale, and their number is increasing, in con- 

 sequence of the important advantages foi commer- 

 cial intercourse which the town enjoys through the 

 Rochdale Canal. (See Canal.) The market, held 

 on Mondays, is a great corn mart, and is noted for 

 extensive sales of wool and manufactured articles ; 

 there is likewise a great market held once a month. 

 The parish of Rochdale is very extensive, being 

 thirteen miles in length, and eleven in breadth, but 

 hilly and moorish. It comprises three chapelries 

 and eight townships. The Liverpool and Leeds 

 railway, and that of Manchester and Leeds, unite 

 near Rochdale. Population of market-town and 

 parish of Rochdale, with Saddleworth and Quick, 

 in 1831, 74,427; in 1841, 84,718. 



ROCHECHOUART. See Montespan. 



ROCHEFOUCAULD, FRANCOIS, duke de la, 

 prince of Marsillac, a wit and nobleman of the 

 reign of Louis XIV., was born in 1613. He dis- 

 tinguished himself as the most brilliant nobleman 

 about the court, and by his share in the good graces 

 of the celebrated Duchess of Longueville, was in- 

 volved in the civil war of the Fronde. He signal- 

 ized his courage at the battle of St Antoine in Paris, 

 and received a shot which for some time deprived 

 him of sight. At a more advanced period, his house 

 was the resort of the best company at Paris, includ- 

 ing Boileau, Racine, and the mesdames Sevigne, 

 and La Fayette. He died 1680, in his sixty-eight 

 year. This nobleman wrote, Memoires de la R6- 

 gence d'Anne d'Autriche, (2 vols. 12mo, 1713,) a 

 spirited and faithful representation of that period ; 

 but he is chiefly famous for a work entitled Reflex- 

 ions et Maximes, founded on the principle that self- 

 love is the foundation of all our actions. 



ROCHEFOUCAULD-LIANCOURT, FRAN- 

 COIS ALEXANDRE FREDERIC, duke de la, born in 

 1747, was a member of the constituent assembly in 

 1789, after the dissolution of which he took the mi- 

 litary command at Rouen, in his capacity of lieute- 

 nant general (1792.) After the 10th of August the 

 Duke de Liancourt, as he was then styled, left 

 France, and resided for eighteen months in Eng- 

 land. He then travelled through the United States, 

 whence he returned in 1798, and after the 18th 

 Brumaire, returned to France, where he devoted 

 himself to the promotion of the useful arts and to 

 benevolent offices. It was through his influence, 

 that vacinnation was introduced into France. After 

 the restoration, he was created a peer, but, on ac- 

 count of the liberality of his sentiments, was, in 1823 

 and 1824, excluded from the council of state, and 

 removed from the several boards of which he was a 

 member ; among others, of that for the encourage- 

 ment of vacinnation. This venerable philanthropist 

 and patriot, whose last years were persecuted by 

 the intemperate zeal of political bigotry, died at 

 Paris, in 1827, at the age of eighty-one years. His 

 life, by his son, was published the same year. His 

 principal work is his Voyage dans les Etats- Unis, 

 8 vols. 8vo. 



ROCHEJAQUELEIN, HKNRI D* LA, the hero 

 of Vendee, born at Chatillon, in Poitou, in 1772. 

 The peasants of the neighbourhood having risen in 

 the royal cause, (1792,) he placed himself at their 

 head, and led them against the republican troops, 



