SU1UNAM_SURREY. 



467 



apparent injury or uneasiness. Mr Wakefield, 

 surgeon to the House of Correction, Coldbath- 

 fielcls, London, relates the case of a convict, sen- 

 tenced to three years' imprisonment, who, for fear 

 the money would be taken from him on the day of 

 his committal, swallowed seven half crowns, and in 

 twenty months after voided them by stool, in con- 

 sequence of taking some purgative medicine for a 

 slight bowel complaint. Their colour was perfectly 

 black ; but no loss of substance, on the most careful 

 .examination, was perceptible. 



Windpipe. When substances get into this pas- 

 sage, such as peas, cherry stones, &c., which is 

 often the case with children, unless the immediate 

 attendance of a skilful surgeon is procured, there is 

 little hope of recovery ; indeed it is surprising what 

 small substances have occasioned suffocation. Ana- 

 creon is said to have been choked by the stone of 

 a grape, and others by a blade of grass, a small 

 fly, or other equally insignificant substance, finding 

 its way into the windpipe. 



In the course of this article, we have pointed out 

 the use and application of most of the instruments 

 figured in the plates Surgery and Surgical Instru- 

 ments; but it remains to describe figs. 16, 17, 18, 

 and 20. Fig. 16 exemplifies the mode of emptying 

 the stomach of poison or any noxious substance, 

 fig. 17 the mode of introducing food or any diluting 

 liquor into the stomach. The operation of using 

 the stomach pump is very simple, and one or two 

 lessons might qualify any expert intelligent person 

 to dilute and extract poison from the stomach in 

 cases of emergency. The stomach pump or syringe, 

 may be used for a self-enema apparatus, as in fig. 

 ly, and the female breast may be emptied of milk 

 by a glass applied to the same pump or syringe, to 

 a suitable glass, as in fig. 20. The operation of 

 cupping may likewise be effected in the same 

 manner, after the scarificator, fig. 2 in the same plate, 

 has been applied ; and the cupping-glass fig. 19, 

 Burnished with a hole in the top, applied to the 

 nozle of the pump. Fig. 6 represents the form of 

 a small syringe, that may be used for a variety of 

 useful purposes, such as washing out the ear, 

 injecting the urethra, administering enemas to 

 children, and other purposes, for which a small 

 instrument of this kind is required. Figs. 7 and 8 

 represent two sizes of female catheters, for emptying 

 the bladder in child-labour or obstruction of urine 

 from other causes ; and fig. 9 is the usual form of a 

 male catheter. Fig. 3 represents splints for a frac- 

 tured leg; and figs. 1 and 4 represent the former, 

 the common field tourniquet, and the other the 

 screw tourniquet. The operation of blood-letting 

 in the arm, temples, and foot, are represented in 

 plate Surgery, figs. 1, 3, 4, -5, and 8 ; and the various 

 steps of the operation on each of these parts will 

 be found explained in the preceding part of this 

 article. 



SURINAM; a territory and colony of South 

 America, in Guiana, belonging to the Netherlands, 

 lying west of French Guiana and east of English 

 Guiana; bounded north by the Atlantic, east by 

 the river Maroni, south by a country of the Indians, 

 and west by the river Courantyn. It is about 150 

 miles from east to west, and upwards of sixty from 

 north to south; square miles, about 11,000; popu- 

 lation, 57,000. The principal rivers are the 

 Surinam, from which the colony takes its name, 

 the Courantyn, Copename, Seramica, and Maroni. 

 The first only is navigable : the others, though 

 long and broad, are so shallow, and so crowded 



with rocks and small islands, that they are of but 

 little consequence to Europeans ; nor are their 

 banks inhabited, except by Indians. In all of them 

 the water rises and falls for more than sixty miles 

 from the mouth, occasioned by the stoppage of the 

 freshes by the tide. In the Maroni is found a 

 pebble called the Maroni diamond. The climate, 

 which was formerly extremely fatal to Europeans; 

 has, within the last twenty years, been much im- 

 proved, by the increased population of the colony 

 and the better clearing of the ground. The year 

 is divided into two wet and two dry seasons. The 

 highest heat during the hot season is stated at 91; 

 the common temperature from 75 to 84. This 

 equal degree of heat is owing to sea-breezes, which 

 regularly set in at ten o'clock, and continue till 

 five P. M., cooling the atmosphere with a constant 

 stream of delightful air. The settlements are 

 chiefly on the Surinam and its branches. The soil 

 is very fertile, producing sugar, coffee\ cotton, 

 cocoa, maize, and indigo. The uncultivated parts 

 are covered with immense forests, rocks, and 

 mountains; some of the latter enriched with a 

 variety of mineral productions. The river Surinam, 

 which gives name to the colony, rises from moun- 

 tains in the interior, and, after a course of about 

 150 miles, flows into the Atlantic, Ion. 55 40' 

 W., lat. 6 25' N. It is about four miles wide at 

 its mouth, and from sixteen to eighteen feet deep, 

 at low water mark, the tide rising and falling above 

 twelve feet. It is navigable for small craft 120 

 miles. Paramaribo, twelve miles from its mouth, 

 is the capital of the colony. It has a safe and con- 

 venient harbour, with an active commerce, and 

 contains a population of 8000 whites, and several 

 thousand free blacks, slaves, &c. The English 

 have several times been in possession of Surinam, 

 but finally restored it, in 1815, to the Dutch 

 government. 



SURREY, an inland county of England, bounded 

 on the south by Sussex, on the east by Kent, on 

 the west by Berkshire and Hampshire, and on the 

 north by Middlesex and part of Buckinghamshire, 

 from which it is separated by the Thames. It is 

 about thirty-seven miles long from east to west, 

 and its breadth from north to south is twenty-five 

 miles. It is divided into thirteen hundreds (with 

 the boroughs of Southwark and Guildford) which 

 contains fourteen market towns and 146 parishes, 

 in the diocese of Winchester. The principal river 

 in Surrey is the Thames. The Wey is the only 

 other navigable river, barges going above Guildford 

 into the Basingstoke canal, which was finished in 

 1796. The Mole disappears in dry weather by 

 absorption at Boxhill, and rises again in a strong 

 spring at the bridge of Thorncroft, where the cur- 

 rent continues constant. Its banks are beautiful 

 all the way to Esher. It flows into the Thames 

 opposite to Hampton court. The Wandle runs 

 into the Thames a little below Wandsworth, after 

 a course of ten miles. The Medway has only its 

 origin in Surrey. The Loddon supplies the Basing- 

 stoke canal. 



The surface of this county is generally undulat- 

 ing, and presents a great diversity of scenery. The 

 northern part is most beautiful, and covered with 

 villas. The central part is a range of chalk hills, 

 interspersed with dry arable fields. The southern 

 part is a flat clayey country, containing some of the 

 finest oaks in Britain. The north-west district is 

 covered with black and barren heath, and on the 

 south-west near Farnham, we meet with the most 

 2o 2 



