TATE TAUK1S. 



is natural, whilst taste U the fruit of observation 

 and reflection. 



TATE, N AIM M, an English poet, was born in 

 Dublin about the year 1(532, and, after receiving 

 a classical education at Trinity college, went to 

 London, where he obtained the patronage of the 

 carl of Dorset. On the death of Shadwell, the 

 interest of his friends procured him the situation of 

 poet laureate to William III. This post he held 

 through that and the succeeding reign ; and he even 

 lived long enough to write the first birth-day ode 

 on George I. He died in the mint, whither he had 

 retired from his creditors, in 1715. He was the 

 author of Brutus; of Alba, a tragedy; Duke and 

 no Duke, a farce ; and some other dramatic pieces ; 

 but it is by his metrical version of the Psalms of 

 David, executed in conjunction with doctor Nicho- 

 las Brady, and commonly affixed to the liturgy of 

 the church of England, that his name is now princi- 

 pally known. Several elegies and other occasional 

 pieces aiso proceeded from his pen. 



TATIANISTS. See Gnostics. 



TATUJS, ACHILLES, a Christian bishop of the 

 third ceBury, was born at Alexandria in Egypt. 

 Prior to his becoming a proselyte from paganism, 

 he was the author of one of the earliest Greek ro- 

 mances now extant, entitled the Amours of Clito- 

 phon and Leucippe, of which there is a translation 

 by Cruceius. Part of a commentary on the De 

 Sphcera of Aratus. ascribed to him, has come down 

 to posterity, and has been translated by Petavius. 



Tutius is also the name of an ancient king of the 

 Sabines, who made peace with the Romans, and 

 shared his kingdom with Romulus, but was assas- 

 sinated six years afterwards, at the instigation of his 

 colleague. 



TATTOOING ; a name borrowed from the 

 South sea islands, where it denotes the practice of 

 staining the skin by puncturing it with a sharp in- 

 strument covered with colouring matter, or insert- 

 ing the colour in incisions made in the skin, and 

 thus forming a variety of figures. We find similar 

 practices among other barbarous tribes, and, to a 

 certain extent, among soldiers, sailors, &c. De- 

 grees of rank among savages are often designated by 

 the greater or less surface of tattooed skin : some- 

 times the whole body, the face not excepted, are 

 found tattooed. This is the case among the people 

 of New Zealand. 



TAUENZIEN VON WITTENBERG, FRED- 

 ERIC BOGISLAV EMANUEL, count of, Prussian gen- 

 eral of infantry, a distinguished soldier, was born in 

 1760. His father was the celebrated defender of 

 Breslau. Tauenzien took part in the unfortunate 

 campaign of 1806. In 1813, he co-operated in the 

 victories at Gross-Beeren and Dennewitz. Decem- 

 ber 26, he took the fortress of Torgau ; January 

 13, 1814, Wittenberg (on account of which he was 

 called Tauenzien von Wittenberg); and, May 24, 

 1814, Magdeburg. He died, in 1824, in Berlin. 



TAUGHT; the state of being extended or 

 tretched out, usually applied in opposition to 

 tlaek. 



TAULER JOHN, a celebrated German divine, 

 born in 1294 or later, at Strasburg or Cologne, 

 entered, when very young, the order of the Domi- 

 nicans. His life was pure. His sermons, written 

 in Latin and delivered in German, produced a great 

 effect. He did much to improve the German di- 

 dactic style. The earliest editions of his sermons 

 are of 1498 and 1580. His early sermons are more 

 metaphysical ; the later ones simple and popular. 



Versions of them have often been published in 

 modern German. He died in 1361. Arndt wrote 

 his life in 1689. 



TAUNT ; a marine epithet, signifying high or tall. 

 It is particularly applied to the masts, when they 

 are of an extraordinary length, as square is applied 

 to long yards. 



TAUNTON ; a town of England, in Somerset- 

 shire, 140 miles west of London. It consists of 

 four principal streets, which are wide and well 

 built, and contains two parish churches. The 

 woolen manufacture has flourished in this town al- 

 most ever since its first introduction into England 

 by the emigrants from Flanders, the first manufac- 

 ture being established here about the year 133(5. 

 Of late years it has decayed. A silk manufacture 

 was introduced here in 17W), and now employs a 

 great part of the inhabitants. Taunton is an an- 

 cient borough by prescription, and has returned 

 members to parliament from the year 1294. Popu- 

 lation in 1831, 11,139. 



TAURIA. See Taurida. 



TAURIDA ; a government of Russia, compris- 

 ing the Crimean peninsula (Chersonesus Taurica), 

 the island of Taman, and the districts and steppes 

 inhabited by the Nogayand Budshiak Tartars. The 

 province of the Cossacks of the Black sea is also 

 connected with it in matters of government ; popu- 

 lation, 346,000. These countries were anciently 

 inhabited by Scythians and Greek colonists, and, 

 since the time of Herodotus (B. C. 450), have been 

 conquered and devastated by more than seventy 

 different nations. Towards the end of the fif- 

 teenth century, they were conquered by the Turks, 

 who drove out the Venetians and the Genoese co- 

 lonies there. The Crimea had its own khan, who 

 was, however, dependent on the sultan, and was 

 obliged to be confirmed by him in his dignity. In 

 1774, the Turks were forced by Russia to acknow- 

 ledge its independence, and, in 1783, it was annexed 

 to Russia. The imperial title was graced with the 

 addition of czar of the Tauiian Chersonese, and 

 Potemkin, who had been active in effecting the 

 subjugation of the Tartars, received the title of the 

 Taurian. The principal towns in Taurida are Sitn- 

 pheropol, or Akmetchat, the capital, Kinburn, at 

 the mouth of the Dnieper, Perekop, or Orcapi, a 

 fortress on the isthmus which connects the Crimea 

 with the continent; Feodosia (see Caffa), Sebas- 

 topol and Eupatoria are important for the com- 

 merce of the Black sea. Most of the inhabitants 

 are Tartars, who profess the Mohammedan religion, 

 and are engaged in trade, manufactures, agricul- 

 ture, and the raising of cattle. There are also 

 many Russian, Greek, Armenian, German, &c., co- 

 lonists, who are encouraged by the government to. 

 settle here. The part of Taurida between tha 

 isthmus and the Dnieper consists of great plains, 

 some of which are infertile and uncultivated. The 

 northern part of the Crimea is destitute of water 

 and wood, and has a poor and saline soil. The 

 southern part is mountainous, but one of the most 

 fertile and delightful countries in the world. All 

 sorts of fruits and grain, wine, silk, wax and tobacco 

 are among the productions. See Clarke's Travels 

 in Russia, Tartary and Turkey, and Castelnau's 

 Essai sur I Histoire ancienne et moderne de la Nou- 

 velle Russie (Paris, 1820). 



TAURIS ; capital of the province of Aderbid- 

 jan, in Western Persia, situated in an extensive 

 plain without trees, on the small river Spintsha ; 

 lat. 38 20' N. ; Ion. 46 31 E It contains 300 



