TEFLISTEKELI. 



formed, so they are usually the first that fall out. 

 This would seem to prove that we require the same 

 kind of aliment in old age as in infancy. Besides 

 the use of the teeth in mastication, they likewise 

 serve a secondary purpose, by assisting in the arti- 

 culation of the voice. Albin, Hunter, Blake, Fox, 

 and many others, have written on the teeth. See, 

 also, A. Serres, Essai sur I Anatomic et la Physiolo- 

 gic des Dents, ou Nouvelle Thcorie de la Dentition 

 (Paris, 1817). For zoologists, Cuvier's Des Dents 

 des Mammiferes (Paris, 1825) is of much interest. 



TEFLIS, OR TIFLIS; a city in Asia, capital of 

 Georgia; lat. 41 43' N. ; Ion. 62 4& E. ; popu- 

 lation, about 15,000. It was founded in 1063, and 

 is situated on the banks of the Kur, at the extre- 

 mity of a defile formed by two ranges of moun- 

 tains. The streets are narrow, filthy, and dusty. 

 Since the conquest of Georgia by the Russians, in 

 1801, Teflis has been the residence of their gover- 

 nor and commander-in-chief. The city contains a 

 large caravansary, an hospital, an arsenal, and a 

 Catholic church, a number of Armenian and Greek 

 churches, several of them fine buildings. The 

 houses are built of brick, mingled with stones and 

 mud, with doors and windows exceedingly small. 

 Many of the dwellings are mere mud huts. Teflis 

 has been long celebrated for its baths, which are 

 situated at one extremity of the bazar. They are 

 ten in number, and are the daily resort of both 

 sexes, as places of luxury and amusement. 



TEGERNSEE ; a village, castle, and royal lord- 

 ship (63 square milesj with 3200 inhabitants), 33 

 miles distant from Miinich, on the lake of Tegern. 

 It is a very romantic spot, surrounded by high moun- 

 tains, and often visited by the royal family, A re- 

 markable illumination took place on the mountains, 

 in the reign of Maximilian I., when the names of some 

 of his princely guests were presented by night, in 

 characters of fire, on the sides of the heights. The 

 fires were kept up by immense piles of wood, ar- 

 ranged by geometrical calculation, and were so large 

 that half an hour was required to walk from the 

 bottom to the top of a single letter. Near Tegern- 

 see, fine marble is found. Naphtha is also collected 

 here. 



TEHERAN, OR TEHRAUN ; a city of Persia, in 

 Irak Agemi ; lat. 35 40' N. ; Ion. 50 52' E. ; po- 

 pulation, in the winter, about 60,000. During the 

 two last reigns, it has been the residence of the 

 sovereign. Its situation is low and unhealthy. On 

 the south are the ruins of the immense and ancient 

 city of Rai, and on the north and east, the lofty 

 mountain ranges of Elburz and Demavend. It is 

 four miles in circuit, surrounded by a strong wall, 

 built of bricks baked in the sun, flanked by numer- 

 ous towers, with a broad dry ditch, with a glacis 

 between it and the wall. It has six gates, seven 

 mosques, three colleges, and numerous baths and 

 caravansaries. The houses are built of unburnt 

 brick, and the city has a mud-like appearance. It 

 contains no edifice of importance except the ark, 

 which combines the character of a citadel with a 

 royal palace, and has considerable strength. During 

 the summer months, it is very unhealthy ; and in 

 that season the king pitches his tents in the plains 

 of Sultania, or Unjan, and most of the inhabitants 

 follow the royal camp ; so that Teheran cannot then 

 contain more than 10,000 persons. 



TEHUANTEPEC ; a seaport of Mexico, in the 

 state of Oaxaca, on the Pacific ocean, at the mouth 

 of the Chimalapa: lat. 16 16' N. ; Ion. 94 58' W. 

 It is situated on a large gulf. The port is impeded 



VI. 



by a dangerous shoal. The isthmus of Tehuante- 

 pec, which separates the Pacific ocean from the 

 gulf of Mexico, is 125 miles across. Examinations 

 made in 1830, for the purpose of ascertaining the 

 practicability of cutting a navigable canal across the 

 isthmus, gave unfavourable results. 



TEIGNMOUTH, JOHN SHORE, lord, a native of 

 Teignmouth, in Devonshire, born in 1751, was sent 

 early to India, as a writer in the service of the 

 East India company, where he rose to the chair, in 

 Bengal. He was intimate with Mr Hastings, and, 

 under his government, filled several important of- 

 fices. In 1793, he succeeded to be governor of 

 Bengal, but only remained in that situation till his 

 successor arrived from England. On the death of 

 his friend Sir W. Jones, he was elected president of 

 the Asiatic society, in which capacity he delivered 

 a eulogy on his predecessor, which was printed in 

 the Transactions of the society, as are several others 

 of Mr Shore's papers. In 1793, he was made a 

 baronet, and, some time after his return, in 1797, 

 he was created a peer of Ireland, by the title of 

 baron Teignmouth. He published Memoirs of the 

 Life, Writings, and Correspondence of Sir W. Jones 

 (4to., 1801), and the Works of Sir W. Jones (1807, 

 5 vols., 4to., and afterwards in 10 vols., 8vo.) He 

 died in Feb. 1834. 



TEKELI, OR TEOKEOLY, EMMERICH, count 

 of, a Hungarian noble, celebrated for his efforts to 

 deliver his country from the dominion of Austria, 

 was the son of Stephen, count Tokoly, a noble 

 Lutheran, who, after the execution of several Hun- 

 garians for a conspiracy against Austria, placed 

 himself at the head of the malcontents. General 

 Heister was sent against him, and besieged him in 

 his castle. The count died during the siege, but 

 had taken such steps as enabled his son, then fifteen 

 years of age, to escape. Emmerich, fled to Tran- 

 sylvania, where his courage and good conduct 

 gained him the favour of the prince, who gave him 

 the command of a body of troops despatched to aid 

 the Hungarian malcontents. The Hungarians chose 

 him, in 1678, commander-in-chief, and Tokoly, de- 

 termined to allow himself no rest until he had freed 

 his country from the German yoke, broke into Up- 

 per Hungary, at the head of a continually increas- 

 ing body of forces, captured several fortresses and 

 the mining towns, devastated Moravia, and, assisted 

 by France and the Porte, penetrated into Upper 

 Austria. The emperor consented to redress several 

 grievances at the diet of Edenburg (1681) : but 

 Tokoly persisted in his opposition, and put himself 

 under the protection of the sultan Mohammed IV., 

 by whom he was declared king of Hungary. A war 

 between the emperor and the Porte was the conse- 

 quence, in which the Turks advanced (1683) as far 

 as Vienna, but were totally defeated before that 

 city. The grand-vizier wished to lay the whole 

 blame of the defeat upon Tokoly ; but the latter 

 hastened to Adrianople, and vindicated his conduct 

 so completely to the sultan, that the grand- vizier 

 was strangled, and Tokoly received assurances of 

 support. The count continued the war, but with- 

 out success, lost several decisive battles, and was 

 therefore arrested by the Turks. Fortune, however, 

 once more smiled upon him, and he was designated 

 by the Porte to be prince of Transylvania. He 

 penetrated into that country, routed the imperial 

 general Heusler, and was elected prince by the 

 Transylvanians ; but Louis, margrave of Baden, 

 compelled him to retire. Thus alternately exposed 

 to the caprices of fortune and of the Porte, he was 

 2 M 



