TEMPERAMENTS. 



549 



line of Persepolitan characters; specific gravity 5'7. 

 Before the blow-pipe, on charcoal, it fuses into a 

 dark-gray metallic globule, which finally is brilliant 

 and malleable. It consists of tellurium 60, gold 30, 

 and silver 10. It has been found only at Offen- 

 banya, in Transylvania, in veins in porphyry. 3. 

 Yellow tellurium. It is of a silver-white, passing 

 into yellow and gray of different shades. It occurs 

 in very small but well defined crystals, of which the 

 primary form is a right rhombic prism of 105 30'. 

 It possesses a bright metallic lustre. It is soft, and 

 somewhat sectile ; specific gravity 10-6. It consists 

 of tellurium 44-75, gold 26'75, lead 19-5, silver 8-5, 

 sulphur 0-5. It has been found only at Nagyag, 

 in Transylvania. 4. Black tellurium. It is of a 

 colour between iron-black and dark lead gray. It 

 is found crystallized in small tabular crystals, of 

 which the primary form appears to be a right square 

 prism. It yields to the knife with ease, and in thin 

 laminae is flexible ; specific gravity 8-9. It consists of 



Tellurium, 



Lead, 



Gold, 



Silver, . 



Copper, 



Sulphur, 



32-2 

 54 



9 



0-5 



1-3 



3. 



It has been found only at Nagyag, in Transylva- 

 nia. The pure metal has the following proper- 

 ties: It has a silver- white colour, and a good 

 degree of brilliancy. Its texture is laminated 

 like antimony ; specific gravity 6- 1 15. It is very 

 brittle, and may be easily reduced to powder. 

 It melts when raised to a temperature higher than 

 the fusing point of lead. If the heat be increased 

 a little, it boils and evaporates, and attaches itself 

 in brilliant drops to the upper part of the retort in 

 which the experiment is made. It is, therefore, 

 next to mercury and arsenic, the most volatile of 

 all the metals. When cooled slowly, it crystallizes. 

 Tellurium combines with only one proportion of 

 oxygen, and forms a compound possessing acid pro- 

 perties. But, as it also possesses alkaline proper- 

 ties, it is called oxide of tellurium. It is formed 

 when tellurium is burnt in a crucible, or before the 

 blowpipe : the white smoke evolved is the substance 

 in question. It is also obtained by dissolving the 

 metal in nitro-muriatic acid, and diluting the solution 

 with a great quantity of water. A white powder 

 falls, which is the oxide. It is easily melted by 

 heat into a straw-coloured mass of a radiated tex- 

 ture. It is composed of metal 100, and of oxygen 

 24-8. Tellurium burns spontaneously when brought 

 into contact with chlorine gas. The chloride of 

 tellurium is white and semi-transparent. When 

 heated, it rises in vapour, and crystallizes. Iodine 

 combines very readily with tellurium, when the two 

 substances are brought into contact. Tellurium 

 has the property of combining with hydrogen, and 

 of forming a gaseous substance, to which the name 

 of tellureted hydrogen is applied. It is formed by 

 mixing together oxide of tellurium, potash, and 

 charcoal, and exposing the mixture to the action of 

 a red heat. It is transparent and colourless, and 

 possesses a strong smell, resembling sulpbureted 

 hydrogen. It burns with a bluish flame, and oxide 

 of tellurium is deposited. It is soluble in water, 

 and gives that liquid a claret colour. Tellurium 

 appears to enter into combination with carbon. 

 The compound is a black powder. It may be com- 

 bined with sulphur by fusion. 



TEMESWAR; formerly capital of the Bannat 

 of Temeswar, which now forms a part of the king- 

 dom of Hungary, now capital of the county of the 



same name in the circle beyond the Theiss, in Up- 

 per Hungary. It is situated on the river Bega, in 

 a marshy and unhealthy district, is a royal free city, 

 the residence of the imperial commander of the 

 Bannat military district, and the see of a Greek 

 bishop. Since 1718, when the Turks ceded the 

 whole of the Bannat by the peace of Passarowitz, 

 the town has been much improved in appearance, 

 and extended ; and the fortifications have also been 

 strengthened, so that it is now one of the most im- 

 portant fortresses of the Austrian empire. It con- 

 tains 11,000 inhabitants, chiefly Germans and Ser- 

 vians, or Rascians, who are engaged in manufactures, 

 and carry on a brisk trade. 



TEMPE, VALE OF ; a beautiful and celebrated 

 valley of Thessaly, on the Peneus, not far from its 

 mouth, having mount Olympus on the north, and 

 mount Ossa on the south. It is about five miles 

 long, and of unequal breadth. It was much cele- 

 brated by the ancient poets ; but modern travellers 

 were long perplexed to find in so rugged and ter- 

 rific a spot as the defile of Tempe, where it is 

 crossed by the great road, the object of their un- 

 qualified panegyric. The fact is, that the vale of 

 Tempe is distinct from the gorge or defile, being 

 situated a little to the south-west. " The scenery 

 of this beautiful valley," says a traveller, " fully 

 gratified our expectations. In some places it is 

 sylvan, calm and harmonious, and the sound of the 

 water of the Peneus accords with the grace of the 

 surrounding landscape ; in others, it is savage, ter- 

 rific and abrupt ; and the river roars with violence, 

 darkened by the frowns of stupendous precipices." 

 The woods which once appear to have adorned this 

 celebrated region, have been much diminished in 

 the service of the neighbouring cotton works ; but 

 the mountains on each side are truly sublime. In 

 the centre of this romantic seclusion stands Am- 

 belakia, a town inhabited by Greeks, with some 

 Germans, who have established considerable cotton 

 manufactures. 



TEMPELHOFF, GEORGE FREDERIC VON; a 

 German officer, and writer on military tactics, born 

 in 1737. After having studied at Frankfort on the 

 Oder, and at Halle, he entered into a Prussian 

 regiment of infantry as a corporal, and, in that ca- 

 pacity, served in Bohemia, in 1757. He afterwards 

 entered into the artillery, and distinguished himself 

 at the battles of Hochkirchen, Kunnersdorf, Tor- 

 gau, &c., and at the sieges of Breslau, Olmiitz, 

 Dresden, and Schweidnitz. At the close of the 

 second campaign, he was made a lieutenant ; and, 

 after the peace of 1763, he continued his studies at 

 Berlin, and published some mathematical works, 

 and also the Prussian Bombardier (1781, 8vo.), in 

 which he reduced the doctrine of projectiles to 

 scientific principles. He afterwards published the 

 Elements of Military Tactics, developing the man- 

 ffiuvres and warlike operations of Frederic II. In 

 1790, he was promoted to a colonelcy; and, in the 

 beginning of the revolutionary war with France, he 

 had the command of all the Prussian artillery, and, 

 in 1795, became chief of the third regiment of that 

 corps. He died at Berlin, July 13, 1807. Tem- 

 pelhoff published some important works besides 

 those mentioned above, of which the best known is 

 his History of the Seven Years' War in Germany, 

 between the King of Prussia and the Empress 

 Queen, &c.,X1782 1801, 6 vols., 4to.), of which an 

 English translation was made by general Lloyd. 



TEMPERAMENTS: those individual peculi- 

 arities of organization, by which the manner of act- 



