560 



TEMPLE TEMPO. 



antiquity. To the Jew, it is oven now a subject of 

 sorrow and regret : to the architect, a key to the 

 hi-itory of the old Oriental architecture; to the 

 tree-mason, the most important symbol of his ritual. 

 TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, an eminent statesman, 

 the son of Sir John Temple, was born in London, 

 in Iti28. At the age of seventeen, he was entered 

 of Emanuel college, Cambridge, under the tuition 

 of Cudworth, and, in his twenty fifth year, com- 

 menced his travels, and passed six years in France, 

 Holland, Flanders, and Germany. He returned in 

 1654, and, not choosing to accept any office under 

 Cromwell, occupied himself in the study of history 

 and philosophy. On the restoration, he was chosen 

 a member of the Irish convention, when he acted 

 with great independence ; and, in 1661, he was re- 

 turned representative for the county of Carlow. 

 The following year, he was nominated one of the 

 commissioners from the Irish parliament to the 

 king, and removed to London. Declining all em- 

 ployment out of the line of diplomacy, he was dis- 

 regarded until the breaking out of the Dutch war, 

 when he was employed in a secret mission to the 

 bishop of Munster. This he executed so much to 

 the satisfaction of the ministers, that, in the follow- 

 ing year, he was appointed resident at Brussels, and 

 received the patent of a baronetcy. In conjunction 

 with De Witt, he concluded the treaty between 

 England, Holland, and Sweden (February, 1668), 

 with a view to oblige France to restore her con- 

 quests in the Netherlands. He also attended, as 

 ambassador extraordinary, and mediator, when peace 

 was concluded between France and Spain, at Aix- 

 la-Chapelle, and, subsequently residing at the Hague 

 as ambassador, cultivated a close intimacy with De 

 Witt, and became familiar with the prince of 

 Orange, afterwards William III., then only in his 

 eighteenth year. A change of politics at home led 

 to the recall of Temple, in 1669, who, refusing to 

 assist in the intended breach with Holland, retired 

 from public business to Sheen, and employed him- 

 self in writing his Observations on the United 

 Provinces, and part of his Miscellanies. In 1674, 

 Sir William Temple was again ambassador to the 

 states-general, in order to negotiate a general pacifi- 

 cation. Previously to its termination in the treaty 

 of Nimeguen (in 1678), he was instrumental in 

 promoting the marriage of the prince of Orange 

 with Mary, eldest daughter of the duke of York, 

 which took place in 1677- In 1679, he was recalled 

 from the Hague, and offered the post of secretary 

 of state, which he declined. As a statesman, he 

 was opposed to the exclusion of the duke of York. 

 Disgusted by Charles's dissolution of the parliament 

 in 1681, without the advice of his council, he de- 

 clined the offer of being again returned for the uni- 

 versity, and retired from public life altogether. In 

 the reign of James II., he estranged himself entirely 

 from politics ; but when the revolution was con- 

 cluded, he waited on the new monarch, to introduce 

 his son, and was again requested to accept the office 

 of secretary of state, which he once more declined. 

 His son was afterwards appointed secretary at war, 

 but, in a fit of melancholy, threw himself into the 

 Thames, which only extorted from his father a 

 maxim of the Stoic philosophy, that " a wise man 

 might dispose of himself, and render life as short as 

 he pleased." About this time, Sir William took 

 Swift (q. v.) to live with him : he was likewise 

 occasionally visited by king William. He died at 

 Moor park, Surrey, in January, 1700, in his seventy- 

 second year. Sir William Temple merits a high 



rank both as a statesman and a patriot. Hi* Me- 

 moirs are important as regards the history of the 

 times, as are likewise his Letters, published by 

 Swift, after his death. All his works, which have 

 been published collectively (in 2 vols., 4to., and 4 

 vols., 8vo., 1814), display a great aci|uaintanee both 

 with men and books, conveyed in a style negligent 

 and incorrect, but agreeable, and much resembling 

 that of easy and polite conversation. 



TEMPLE, Lono. See Jutrius. 



TEMPLE. See Inns of Court. 



TEMPLE-BAR, between Fleet street and the 

 Strand, London. This handsome gate is the only 

 one of the city boundaries now remaining. It was 

 built after the great fire, by Sir C. Wren, mid is 

 composed of Portland stone, of rustic work below, 

 and of the Corinthian order. Over the gateway, 

 on the east side, are statues of queen Klizuheth and 

 James I. ; and on the west side, of Charles I. and 

 II. The heads of persons executed for high treason 

 were formerly exhibited on this gate. Here, also, 

 on particular occasions, the corporation of London 

 receives the royal family, the herald's proclamations, 

 or any distinguished visitors. When the seven i-n 

 comes in state, the lord mayor here delivers the 

 sword of state, which is returned, and then he rides, 

 bareheaded, immediately before. 



TEMPLE, PALACE OF THE (palais du temple} ; 

 an edifice in Paris, built in 1222, for a residence 

 of the Templars, whence its name. On the sup- 

 pression of the order (in 1312), it was given to 

 the knights of Malta ; and, after the destruction of 

 the Bastile, the tower was converted into a prison 

 of state. (See Templars.) Louis XVI. was con- 

 fined here, with his family, previous to his execu- 

 tion. The palace of the grand prior is now con- 

 verted into a Benedictine convent, instituted by 

 the princess of Bourbon-Conde, in 1816. 



TEMPO (Italian for time) signifies, in music, 

 the degree of quickness with which a musical piece 

 is to be executed. This depends, of course, chiefly 

 upon the character of the piece. Generally speak- 

 ing, there are five principal degrees, designated by 

 the following terms : largo, adagio, andante, allegro 

 and presto ; and the intermediate degrees are de- 

 scribed by additions. But it may be better to 

 divide the tempo into three chief movements slow, 

 moderate, and quick which again have several 

 gradations designated by the following Italian words: 

 1. in the slow movements largo, lonto, grave, 

 adagio, larghetto ; 2. in the moderate movement 

 andante, andantino, moderato, tempo giusto, allegret- 

 to, &c. ; 3. in the quick movement allegro (some- 

 times, also, allabreve), vivace, presto, prestissimo. 

 If the degrees thus designated are to be modified 

 still more, the following words are added to increase 

 the rapidity assai, molto, or di molto piu; and to 

 lessen it, the words poco, or un poco, non tanto, non 

 troppo meno, &c. ; for instance, largo, or adagio as- 

 sai, or di molto, signifies very slow, as slow as pos- 

 sible ; allegro, or vivace assai, or molto, is quicker 

 than the mere allegro or vivace ; presto assai, very 

 quick ; further, adagio non troppo, or poco adagio, 

 is somewhat slower ; un poco allegro, somewhat less 

 quick ; vivace non tanto, not too lively, &c. Often, 

 the predominating time is interrupted, in some pas- 

 sages slackening (rallentando^ ritardando), or quick- 

 ening (accelesando, string endo, piu stretter), or it is 

 left to the performer's pleasure (a piacere), in which 

 case,those who accompany often have to guide them- 

 selves by the leading performer, which is called 

 coVa parte. If a more distinct time or the former 



