TEN JURISDICTIONS TENNESSEE. 



561 



time is to be resumed, the phrase a tempo, or tempo 

 prime, is used. Several machines have been in- 

 vented, by which the time of a piece or a passage 

 can be accurately determined. (See Time.) The 

 best measures of time, however, are taste, correct 

 feeling, experience and judgment. 



Tempo Rubato (Italian, robbed time), delayed 

 time, signifies a species of expressive performance, 

 particularly of slow pieces, in which something is 

 taken from the duration of some notes of the prin- 

 cipal voice, and the time, therefore, is not strictly 

 observed ; but in the general performance, and in 

 the lower voices, the time is accurately observed. 

 The tempo rubato accelerates some passages and re- 

 tards others ; but the unity of the whole does not 

 Buffer. The tempo rubato requires much practice 

 and fine taste, and should not occur too frequently. 



TEN JURISDICTIONS, LEAGUE OF THE. See 

 Grisons. 



TENAILLE. See Outworks. 



TENARUS ; a town of the Peloponnesus, on 

 the promontory of Tsenarum (see Matapan), near 

 which was a cavern which was considered as the 

 entrance to the habitation of Pluto. Through this 

 cavern Hercules dragged up Cerberus from the in- 

 fernal regions, and Orpheus led his wife Eurydice 

 back to earth. This fable gave rise to the practice 

 of evoking spirits from the world of shades, and of 

 restoring spectres to their resting places, by the 

 performance of certain mystic ceremonies at the 

 mouth of the cave. Hence the infernal regions are 

 sometimes called Tenants. There was a temple of 

 Neptune on the promontory, which had the char- 

 acter of an asylum. The green marble of Tenarus 

 (verd antique ; see Marble) was much prized by 

 the ancients ; and the purple snail, which yielded 

 the Lacedaemonian purple, the best produced in 

 Europe, was found here. 



TENCH (cyprinas tinea) ; a European fresh wa- 

 ter fish, belonging to the carp family. It is distin- 

 guished by the diminutive size of the scales. The 

 body is short and thick, the head large, and the lips 

 thick ; the length is generally less than a foot, but 

 individuals are sometimes taken weighing five or 

 six pounds. It is fond of still and muddy waters, 

 and is taken both with net and line. The flesh is 

 white, soft, insipid, and difficult of digestion. 



TENDON. See Muscle. 



TENEDOS; a small island near the coast of 

 Asia, not far from the Dardanelles ; Ion. 26 E. ; 

 ]at. 39 53' N. ; population, 7000, about two thirds 

 Turks, and one third Greeks ; square miles, thirty- 

 five. The Greeks, when they feigned to abandon 

 the siege of Troy, lay concealed behind this island. 

 Tenedos is rocky, but fertile, and produces the 

 finest wine in the Archipelago. Its position near 

 the mouth of the Hellespont has always made it 

 important. Vessels bound to Constantinople find 

 shelter in its ports, or safe anchorage in the road, 

 during contrary winds, and in foul weather. The 

 principal town is of the same name, and has a popu- 

 lation of about 5000, with a harbour and citadel. 

 The harbour has been enclosed in a mole, of which 

 no part now appears above water ; but loose stones 

 are piled on the foundations to break the waves. 



TENERIFFE; one of the Canary islands, (q.v.) 

 The chief town is Santa Cruz. As a natural ob- 

 ject, it is chiefly remarkable for its summit, called 

 the Peak of Teneriffe, of the sloping sides of which 

 the island consists. Its commercial importance de- 

 pends chiefly on its wine, of which from 10,000 to 

 15,000 pipes are annually exported : though inferior 



to Madeira, yet it is in considerable demand. Te- 

 neriffe also exports orchilla weed, rose wood, &c. 

 The climate on the coast is hot ; but at the eleva- 

 tion of 2000 feet, it is cool and agreeable. The 

 cultivated parts are fertile, and produce orange, 

 myrtle, cypress, date, and chestnut trees, vines, 

 wheat, cocoa, coffee, sugar-cane, &c. The eleva- 

 tion of the Peak is about 12,250 feet. In ascend, 

 ing it, the first eminence is called Monte Verde : 

 beyond this is the Mountain of Pines ; after passing 

 which, the traveller reaches a plain called, by the 

 natives Mouton de Trigo, on which the Peak stands. 

 It is a mountainous platform, rising more than 7000 

 feet above the level of the plain. The Piton, or 

 sugar-loaf summit, is very steep, and can be as- 

 cended only on the east and south-east sides. At 

 the elevation of 9786 feet is a platform of pumice 

 stones, bordered by two currents of lava; beyond 

 it the acclivity is very steep, the currents of lava 

 being covered with masses of scoriae. Towards the 

 summit, nothing but pumice stone is to be seen. 

 The crater is of an elliptical form, about 1200 feet 

 in circuit, but has long since ceased to emit flames ; 

 and the summit may be considered as an extin- 

 guished volcano. From the sides of the mountain 

 several violent eruptions have taken place within 

 the present century. The view from the top of the 

 Peak is peculiarly beautiful. With the steep and 

 naked declivities of the mountain is contrasted the 

 smiling aspect of the country beneath, with the 

 towns and villages, the sails of vessels in the har- 

 bours, and beyond a vast extent of ocean studded 

 with the archipelago of the Canary islands. 



TENIERS, DAVID ; the name of two of the most 

 celebrated artists of the Flemish school of painting, 

 father and son, both natives of Antwerp, in which 

 city the elder was born in 1582. Having studied 

 under Rubens, he went to Rome, and remained 

 there six years. On his return to his native coun- 

 try, he occupied himself principally in the delinea- 

 tion of fairs, shops, rustic sports, and drinking par- 

 ties, which he exhibited with such truth, humour, 

 and originality, that he may be considered the 

 founder of a style of painting, which his son after- 

 wards brought to perfection. His pictures are 

 mostly small. The elder Teniers died in 1649. 



His son, born in 1610, imitated the style and ex- 

 pression of his father, whom he much excelled in 

 correctness and finish. He confined himself princi- 

 pally to the same subject of low humour in his ori- 

 ginal pieces. The wonderful exactness with which 

 he copied the productions of others deceived even 

 the best judges of the age, and acquired him the 

 appellation of the ape of painting. Leopold, arch- 

 duke of Austria, made him one of the gentlemen of 

 his bed-chamber. He died in 1694. Another son, 

 named Abraham, was also a good painter. 



TENNESSEE, one of the United States of Ame- 

 rica, is bounded on the north by Kentucky and 

 Virginia ; on the east by North Carolina ; on the 

 south by Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi ; and 

 on the west by Mississippi river ; lat. 35 to 36 

 36' N. ; Ion. 81 26' to 90 16' W. It was origin- 

 ally included in North Carolina, from which it was 

 separated, and admitted into the Union in 1796. 

 Population in 1830, 684,822 (142,382 slaves); 

 square miles, 40,000. The state is divided into 

 two distinct sections by the Cumberland mountains, 

 called East Tennessee and West Tennessee. Moun- 

 tains and hills occupy a great proportion of the 

 state. In East Tennessee, the Alleghanies branch 

 out into the Laurel and Cumberland ridges, and 

 tfl 



