566 



TEOCALLIS TEREUS. 



(outages or escuages should be taken as they were 

 used to be taken in the time of Henry II. ; that is, 

 in a reasonable and moderate manner. Yet after- 

 wards, by statute 25 Edw. I., c. 5 and 6, and many 

 subsequent statutes, it was again provided, that the 

 king should take no aids or tasks, but by the com- 

 mon assent of the realm ; hence it was held that 

 escuage or scutage could not be levied but by con- 

 sent of parliament, such scutages being, indeed, the 

 ground- work of all succeeding subsidies, and 1 he- 

 land-tax of later times. By the degenerating of 

 knight-service, or personal military duty, into escu- 

 age, or pecuniary assessments, all the advantages 

 (either promised or real) of the feudal constitution 

 were destroyed, and nothing but the hardships 

 remained. Instead of forming a national militia, 

 composed of barons, knights and gentlemen, bound 

 by their interest, their honour and their oaths, to 

 defend their king and country, the whole of this 

 system of tenures now tended to nothing else but a 

 wretched means of raising money to pay an army of 

 occasional mercenaries. In the mean time, the 

 families of all the nobility and gentry groaned under 

 the intolerable burdens which (in consequence of 

 the fiction adopted after the conquest) were intro- 

 duced and laid upon them by the subtlety and finesse 

 of the Norman lawyers. A slavery so complicated 

 and so extensive called aloud for a remedy. Pallia- 

 tives were from time to time applied by successive 

 acts of parliament, which assuaged some temporary 

 grievances. King James I. consented, in consider- 

 ation of a proper equivalent, to abolish them all, 

 though the plan proceeded not to effect. At length 

 the military tenures, with all their heavy appendages, 

 (having, during the commonwealth, been disconti- 

 nued,) were destroyed at one blow by the statute 

 12 Car. II., c. 24, which enacts, " that all sorts of 

 tenures, held of the king or others, be turned into 

 free and common socage, save only tenures in frank- 

 almoign, copyholds, and the honorary services 

 (without the slavish part) of grand serjeanty." 

 For further information, see Socage, Fee, Entails, 

 Villenage ; also Feudal System. In the United 

 States of America the property of lands is alloidal; 

 that is, the owner holds of no superior, with the ex- 

 ception of some small remains of socage tenure in 

 New York. 



TEOCALLIS ; ancient monuments of Mexico. 

 See Mexico, Antiquities of, and Pyramids. 



TEOS, OK TEIOS; a maritime town on the 

 coast of Ionia, in Asia Minor, opposite Samos. It 

 was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian confede- 

 racy, and gave birth to Anacreon and Hecataus, 

 who is by some deemed a native of Miletus. Ac- 

 cording to Pliny, Teos was an island. 



TEPLITZ ; a celebrated watering place, situated 

 in a pleasant and fruitful plain in Bohemia, with a 

 population of 2500; forty miles north-west of 

 Prague; lat. 50 37' N. ; Ion. 13 51' E. It be- 

 longs to the prince of Clary, who has a beautiful 

 castle here, with a fine garden attached to it, which 

 is open to the public. The waters are warm and 

 sulphureous, and are much resorted to. The pub- 

 lic baths are twenty three in number. On the day 

 of the destruction of Lisbon by an earthquake 

 (Nov. 1, 1755), the waters ceased to flow for seve- 

 ral minutes.andthen rushed out with great violence. 

 The village of Schonau, and several castles, monas- 

 teries and mountains in the vicinity, are extremely 



romantic, and render the environs delightful See 



Reuss's Guide for Visitors of the Baths (in Ger- 

 man, 1823). 



TEQUENDAMA, CATARACT OF. Sec Cata- 

 racts. 



TERCER A, OR TERCEIR A ; one of the Azores 

 islands, supposed to have derived its name from its 

 standing the third in this cluster of islands, in point of 

 situation, though the first in dignity. It is twenty- 

 five miles long, and fifteen broad ; population, 28,900. 

 Its figure is almost circular, the coasts high, and 

 so surrounded with craggy rocks, that it is deemed 

 impregnable, every accessible part on the coast be- 

 ing defended by strong forts, heavy cannon, and a 

 numerous and regular garison. The only tolerable 

 port in the whole island is the harbour of Angra 

 (15,000 inhabitants). The island is fertile, plea- 

 sant and healthy : the very rocks produce vines. 

 The land yields large crops of corn, and a great 

 variety of fruits. Besides Angra, there are several 

 other towns and large villages in Tercera, with a 

 number of forts and garrisons. Lon. 27 13' W. ; 

 lat. 38 38' N. 



TERENCE, OR TERENTIUS. PUBLIUS TE- 

 BENTIUS AFER, the celebrated Roman comic writer, 

 was born in Africa (whence his surname Afer~), 

 about B. C. 194, and, while a child, was bought by 

 Publius Terentius Lucanus, a Roman senator, who 

 took him to Rome, and gave him a good education. 

 His master having emancipated him, the young 

 African now assumed the name of his benefactor, 

 and soon acquired reputation and friends by the 

 talents which he displayed in his comedies. Lae- 

 lius and Scipio Africanus (the destroyer of Carth- 

 age and Numantia) admitted him into their inti- 

 macy ; and some accounts aver that they assisted 

 him in the composition of his plays. About the 

 year 161, he went to Greece, probably with the 

 purpose of collecting new materials for the thea- 

 tre. While on his return to Italy, he suffered ship- 

 wreck, and either perished in the waves, or died 

 not long after. Of his dramatic works, six come- 

 dies alone are extant : the Adrian (acted at Rome, 

 B. C. 167; the Eunuch (performed 161); Heau- 

 tontimoroumenos, or the Self-Tormentor (163); the 

 Adelphi, his last piece, brought out in Rome the 

 year before his death ; Phormio, or the Parasite ; 

 and Hecyra, or the Step-Mother. The comedies 

 of Terence were much admired by the cultivated 

 Romans, and were likewise esteemed for their pru- 

 dential maxims and moral sentences. If we com- 

 pare him with his contemporaries, he will be found 

 to have been much in advance of them in point of 

 style. His language is pure ; but, in originality of 

 imagination, he is inferior to the Greeks, and his 

 predecessor Plautus. Most of his plays are little 

 more than translations from the Greek ; but he is 

 valuable to us on this very account, as giving us an 

 idea of his model Menander. His characters have 

 much truth of nature ; but they are often super- 

 ficial. His plots are usually simple : greedy cour- 

 tesans, trickish slaves, miserly fathers, and prodigal 

 sons, are the chief persons of his drama, and a mar- 

 riage his ordinary denouement. The best editions 

 of his works are those of Lindenbrog (Paris, 1602; 

 Frankfort, 1623) and Westerhof (Hague, 1726) : 

 that of Bentley (London, 1726; Amsterdam, 1727, 

 and Leipsic, 1791) is particularly valuable in regard 

 to the metre, but is disfigured by rash conjectures. 

 Other useful editions are those of Zeune (Leipsic, 

 1787, 2 vols.), Lenz (Jena, 1785), Schmieder 

 (Halle, 1794), Bothe (Berlin, 1806), Bruns (Halle, 

 1811), and Perlet (Leipsic, 1820). We have an 

 English translation by the elder Colman. 



TEREUS. See Philomela. 



