TIC DOULOUREUX TIDES. 



G13 



is known but that he belonged to the equestrian 

 order. The year 711 after the building of Rome 

 is generally taken as the year of his birth. Voss 

 places it about 695 A. U. C He died, without 

 having held any public office, in 735 or 736 A. U. C., 

 in the flower of his age. We possess, of his writ- 

 ings, a collection of elegies, in four books, of which, 

 however, the fourth contains several pieces of 

 doubtful origin. These poems are among the most 

 perfect of their kind which have come down to us 

 from classical antiquity. Their moral tone, how- 

 ever, is that of a reckless voluptuary. The elegies 

 of Tibullus are superior to those of Propertius 

 (with which, and the poems of Catullus, they are 

 usually printed) in agreeable simplicity and tender 

 feeling, and are free from the insipid prate into 

 which Ovid frequently falls ; so that the author de- 

 serves the first place among the Roman elegiac poets. 

 The best editions are those of Brouckhusius (Ams- 

 terdam, 2 vols., 4to.), Heyne (latest edition by 

 Wunderlich, Leipsic, 1816), and Huschke (Leipsic, 

 1819). J. H. Voss, in his German translation, Heid- 

 elberg, 1810), ascribes the third book to a certain 

 Lygdamus, which opinion is confirmed by Eichstadt. 

 Dart and Grainger are among the English transla- 

 tors of this poet. The latter is much the most 



TIC DOULOUREUX (French tic, spasm ; dou- 

 loureux, painful), a painful affection of a facial 

 nerve, is so called from its sudden and excruciating 

 stroke. It is a species of neuralgia, which com- 

 prises similar affections in other parts of the body. 

 It is characterized by acute pain, attended with 

 convulsive twitchings of the muscles, and continu- 

 ing from a few minutes to several hours. The 

 causes of this affection are unknown, and it often 

 baffles the skill of the physician. 



TICINO. See Tessin. 



TICK, in natural history; a little animal of 

 a livid colour, with a blunt and roundish tail, ele- 

 vated antennae, a globose-ovate form, and full of 

 blood, which infests cows, swine, goats, sheep and 

 dogs. 



TICKELL, THOMAS, an ingenious writer in 

 prose and verse, and the intimate friend of Addi- 

 son, was born in 1686, and received his education 

 at Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship in his 

 twenty fifth year. While at the university, an 

 elegant copy of verses, addressed by him to Addi- 

 son, on his opera of Rosamond, introduced him to 

 the acquaintance of that accomplished scholar, who 

 induced him to lay aside his previous intention of 

 taking orders, appointed him his under secretary of 

 state, and, on his death, bequeathed to him the 

 publication of his works. In 1724, Mr Tickell ob- 

 tained the situation of secretary to the lords justices 

 of Ireland. As an author, he takes a prominent 

 rank among the minor English poets ; his versifica- 

 tion especially, in its ease and harmony, being in- 

 ferior perhaps to that of no one, except Dryden 

 and Pope. When the latter gave to the world his 

 translation of the Iliad, Tickell printed hi own 

 version of the first book, in opposition to that of 

 Pope. The production of this poem occasioned an 

 interruption of the good understanding between 

 Pope and Addison, the former suspecting Addison 

 himself to be the author of the work. Tickell's 

 other writings consist of the Prospect of Peace, a 

 poem (1713); the Royal Progress; Kensington 

 Gardens ; a Letter to Avignon ; Imitation of the 

 Prophecy of Nereus ; with several epistles, odes, 

 and other miscellaneous pieces, to be found in the 



! second volume of the Minor Poets. His death 

 | took place at Bath, in 1740. 



TICONDEROGA; a post-town of Essex coun- 

 ty, New York, on the west side of the south end 

 of lake Champlain, and at the north end of lake 

 George ; twelve miles south of Crown Point, 

 ninety-five north of Albany ; population in 1820, 

 1493. There is a valuable iron mine in this town- 

 ship. Ticonderoga fort, famous in the history of 

 the American wars, is situated on an eminence, on 

 the west side of lake Champlain, just north of the 

 entrance of the outlet from lake George into lake 

 Champlain, fifteen miles south of Crown Point, 

 twenty-four north of Whitehall; Ion. 73 27' W. ; 

 lat. 43 30' N. It is now in ruins. Considerable 

 remains of the fortifications are still to be seen. 

 The stone walls of the fort, which are now standing, 

 are, in some places, thirty feet high. Mount De- 

 fiance lies about a mile south of the fort, and mount 

 Independence is about half a mile distant, on the 

 opposite side of the lake, in Orwell, Vermont. 



TIDES. The ebb and flow of the sea are evi- 

 dently connected with the moon's motions. The 

 level of the ocean is slightly disturbed by the at- 

 traction which is alternately exerted and withdrawn. 

 The waters, for a large space under the moon, 

 being more attracted than the great body of the 

 earth, are thus rendered lighter than those parts of 

 the ocean which are at the same distance as the 

 earth's centre ; and, being lighter, they are forced 

 upwards a little by the surrounding mass, which is 

 heavier; just as water and oil will stand at dif- 

 ferent heights in the two branches of a siphon 

 tube ; or just as ice, which is lighter than water, 

 is made to rise a little higher, on that account, 

 when placed in water. If the earth rested im- 

 movably upon a fixed support, there would be a 

 tide, or rising of the waters, only on the side 

 towards the moon. But the great body of the 

 earth is just as free to move as a single particle of 

 the ocean, and, if suffered to yield to the moon's 

 attraction, would be carried just as fast. Hence, 

 for the same reason that a particle of water, on the 

 side of the earth towards the moon, is drawn away 

 from the centre, or has its downward tendency 

 diminished, so the solid earth itself is drawn away 

 from the mass of waters, on the side of the earth 

 farthest from the moon. It is the difference of 

 attraction, in both cases, between the surface and 

 the centre, which causes the lightness of the waters, 

 and the consequent elevation. It will be seen, 

 therefore, that, taking the whole earth into view, 

 there are always two high tides diametrically oppo- 

 site to each other, and two low tides also, midway 

 between the high ones. The high tides are two 

 great waves, or swells, of small height, but extend- 

 ing each way through half a right angle. These 

 waves follow the moon in its monthly motion round 

 the earth, while the earth, turning on its axis, causes 

 any given place to pass through each of these swells 

 and the intervening depressions in a lunar day, or 

 twenty-four hours fifty minutes. What we have 

 said with respect to the moon's influence in disturb- 

 ing the level of the ocean, may be applied also to 

 that of the sun ; only, in the case of the sun, al- 

 though its absolute action is about double that of 

 the moon, yet, on account of its very great distance, 

 its relative action upon the surface of the earth, 

 compared with that at the centre, is but about one 

 thirfl as great as that of the moon. At new and 

 full moon, when the sun's and moon's actions con- 

 spire, the tides are highest, and are called spriny 



