61(7 



TILLY TILSIT. 



strongly against it, but wa.s nevertheless, advanced 

 to the deanery of Canterbury, and soon after pre- 

 sented to a prebend in St Paul's. Popery was so 

 much the object of his aversion, that, in a sermon 

 preached before the king, in 1680, he expressed 

 sentiments of intolerance which he himself acknow- 

 ledged to his friends could not be defended. He 

 warmly promoted the exclusion bill against the 

 duke of York, and refused to sign the address of 

 the London clergy to the king, on his declaration 

 that he would not consent to it. At the execution 

 of lord William Russel, he attended with doctor 

 Burnet ; and, though afterwards decided friends to 

 the revolution, both these divines urged that noble- 

 man to acknowledge the unlawfulness of resistance. 

 On the accomplishment of the revolution, he was 

 taken into favour by king William ; and, in 1689, 

 he was appointed clerk of the closet to that sove- 

 reign, and subsequently permitted to exchange the 

 deanery of Canterbury for that of St Paul's. On 

 the refusal of archbishop Sancroft to take the oaths 

 to the new government, he was appointed to exer- 

 cise the archiepiscopal jurisdiction during the suspen- 

 sion of that prelate ; and, in 1691, after exhibiting 

 the greatest reluctance, he was induced to accept 

 the archbishopric itself. He had previously formed 

 a scheme for the comprehension of the Presbyterians 

 within the pale of the church, which had been re- 

 jected by the convocation. He had also failed in 

 another design for forming a new book of homilies ; 

 and a sermon which he preached before the queen, 

 against the absolute eternity of hell torments, still 

 further involved him with the advocates of ortho- 

 doxy. When, therefore, he accepted the primacy, 

 a large party assailed him with great animosity ; 

 and he was reproached with the inconsistency of 

 his own conduct with the doctrine he had advanced 

 to lord William Russel. He bore these attacks in 

 silence, and even prevented some prosecutions for 

 libel against him, directed by the crown. He was 

 also charged with Socinianism ; in answer to which 

 he republished four of his sermons on the Incarna- 

 tion and Divinity of our Saviour. There appears 

 to have been no other ground for that imputation 

 than that he defended Christianity on rational 

 grounds, and corresponded with such men as Lim- 

 borch, Locke and Le Clerc; to which reason doctor 

 Jortin adds, that he had broken an ancient and 

 fundamental rule of controversial theology " Al- 

 low not an adversary either to have common sense 

 or common honesty." He now exerted himself to 

 advance the respectability of the church, and, among 

 other things, wished to correct the evils arising 

 from non-residence. He was, however, counter- 

 acted in all his endeavours, by the most perverse 

 opposition, which rendered his high station a scene 

 of much more disgust than gratification, and, soon 

 after, died of a paralytic stroke, in 1694. He left 

 his widow nothing but the copyright of his sermons. 

 Doctor Tillotson was open, sincere, benevolent and 

 forgiving ; and although, in some points, too com- 

 pliant, and liable to the charge of inconsistency, 

 his intentions seem to have been pure and disinte- 

 rested. His sermons maintain a place among the 

 most popular of that class of compositions in the 

 English language, displaying great copiousness of 

 thought and expression, and abounding in passages 

 which strongly impress the mind. His sermons are 

 doubtless much less read than formerly, but can 

 scarcely fail of remaining a permanent part of the 

 branch of English literature to which they belong. 

 TILLY, JOHN TZERKLAS, count of, one of the 



most celebrated generals of the seventeenth cen- 

 tury, was born in 1359, in Walloon Brabant, at the 

 castle of Tilly. He was, in his youth, a Jesuit. 

 After being educated strictly and fanatically, he 

 entered the Spanish, the Austrian, and at last the 

 Bavarian service. Under Alva and other com- 

 manders, he formed his military talents, and became 

 accustomed to silent obedience, to a stern pursuit 

 of his objects without regarding the calls of mcicy, 

 and to the destruction of heretics. He rose, by 

 degrees, to the command of the army of the league, 

 in the thirty years' war. He distinguished himself 

 much as a general ; and when, in 1630, Wallenstrin 

 was obliged to give up the command, Tilly was 

 appointed generalissimo of the imperial troops. 

 His most celebrated exploit is the bloody sack of 

 Magdeburg, May 10, 1631 ; and history has few 

 pages so black as those on which the atrocities of 

 Isolani's Croats and Pappenheim's Walloons are re- 

 corded. Some officers, at length, implored Tilly 

 to put a stop to the horrible outrages. He coldly 

 replied, " Come back within an hour, and I will 

 then see what is to be done. The soldier ought to 

 have some reward for his labours and dangers." 

 On the 14th, he entered the burned and plundered 

 city in triumph. " Since the destruction of Troy 

 and Jerusalem, no such victory has taken place," 

 he wrote to his master. Gustavus Adolphus met 

 him at Breitenfeld, September 7, and Tilly, who 

 had been thirty-six times victorious, was now en- 

 tirely beaten, and was himself wounded. In a sub- 

 sequent, engagement with the Swedes, on the Lech, 

 a cannon ball shattered his thigh, and he died in a 

 few days, April 30, 1632. His face was repulsive ; 

 his manners always monastic, even amidst the dis- 

 soluteness of a camp of that time. He never ac- 

 cepted money, and left but a small fortune. He 

 refused the grant of the principality of Kalemberg. 

 As a soldier, he was prompt, cunning and cruel. 



TILSIT ; a town of East Prussia, in Gumbin- 

 nen, a capital of a circle ; fifty miles north-east of 

 Konigsberg, fifty south-south-east of Memel ; Ion. 

 21 56' E. ; lat. 55 5' N. ; population 824. It is 

 situated on two rivers, the Niemen (here called the 

 Memel) and the small river Tilse, which separates 

 the town from the castle. It is a commercial town 

 well built, and contains an hospital, two Lutheran 

 churches, and a provincial school. The chief arti- 

 cles of export are corn, wax, salt, salted provisions, 

 hats, and leather. The circle of Tilsit is a level 

 and fertile tract, lying on the Curische-Haff. 



Peace of Tilsit. The battle of Friedlaixl on 

 June 14, 1807, terminated in the total rout of the 

 Russian forces, and the annihilation of Prussia's last 

 hope. June 18, when the French were already on 

 the Niemen, the emperor Alexander sent proposals 

 for an armistice to the grand duke of Berg, which 

 Napoleon readily accepted. The battles of Eylau 

 and Friedland, continual skirmishes, and the siege 

 of Dantzic, had much weakened the French army ; 

 and Napoleon was obliged to keep an attentive eye 

 upon Austria, which, in case of his defeat, would 

 not have failed to attack him. At the same time, 

 the Russian cabinet complained of inactivity on the 

 part of the British, so that the French and Russian 

 monarchs were the more readily disposed to come 

 to terms. They met, June 25, on a raft built for 

 the purpose on the Niemen, in presence of the two 

 armies. Tilsit was declared, by Napoleon, neutral, 

 and the emperors and the king of Prussia had their 

 1 head-quarters there, from the 28th, in order to ex- 

 pedite the ncgociations for peace. The queen of 



