TINDAL TIPPICANOE. 



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fiom what be terms the internal revelation of the 

 law of nature in the hearts of mankind. He died 

 in 1733, leaving, in manuscript, a second volume 

 of Christianity as old as the Creation, the publica- 

 tion of which was prevented by doctor Gibson, 

 bishop of London. His nephew, Nicholas, born in 

 1687, fellow of Trinity college, Oxford, published a 

 translation of Rapin's History of England, with a 

 continuation. 



TINDAL, WILLIAM, also named Hitchins, a 

 martyr to the reformation, bom in 1500, near the 

 borders of Wales, was educated at Oxford, where 

 he imbibed the doctrines of Luther. Bearing an 

 excellent character for morals and diligence, he was 

 admitted a canon of Wolsey's new college of 

 Christ-church; but, his principles becoming known, 

 he was subsequently ejected. He then withdrew 

 to Cambridge, where he took a degree, and soon 

 after went to reside as tutor in Gloucestershire. 

 While in this capacity, he translated Erasmus's 

 Enchiridion Militis Christiani into English; but, 

 in consequence of his opinions, articles were 

 preferred against him before the chancellor of the 

 diocese, and he received a reprimand. He then 

 accepted of a retreat in the house of an alder- 

 man of London, where he employed himself in 

 preparing an English version of the New Testa- 

 ment. England not being a place where such a 

 work could with safety be effected, he proceeded 

 to Antwerp, where, with the assistance of John 

 Fry, and one Roye, a friar, he completed his work, 

 which was printed in that city, in 1526, Svo., with- 

 out a name. The greater part was sent to England, 

 which produced great alarm among the church 

 dignitaries; and the prelates Warham and Tunstall 

 collected all they could seize or purchase, and com- 

 mitted them to the flames. The money received 

 by the sale of the first edition in this way, enabled 

 Tindal to print another edition, in conjunction 

 with Miles Coverdale. He also translated the 

 pentateuch, and subsequently Jonas, which formed 

 the whole of his labours on the Scriptures, although 

 others have been ascribed to him. He then re- 

 turned to Antwerp, where he took up his residence 

 with an English merchant. Henry VIII. employed 

 a wretch of the name of Phillips to betray Tindal 

 to the emperor's procurator; and, in 1536, he was 

 brought to trial upon the emperor's decree at Augs- 

 burg, where he was condemned to the stake, which 

 sentence he quietly endured, being first strangled 

 and then burnt. His last words were, " Lord, 

 open the king of England's eyes !" Tindal's trans- 

 lation of the Scripture is highly esteemed for per- 

 spicuity and noble simplicity of idiom. 



TINO (anciently Tenos) ; an island of the Gre- 

 cian Archipelago, forming one of the group of the 

 Cyclades, and consisting of a long, mountainous 

 ridge, between Myconos and Aridros, from which 

 it is separated by a narrow channel. It contains 

 66 villages and 25,000 inhabitants, on 80 square 

 miles. It is well cultivated by means of terraces, 

 and produces abundance of silk, corn and fruit. 

 Silk is the principal commodity. There are four 

 monasteries on the island, and the church of the 

 Evangelist, recently erected, has a miraculous 

 image of the Virgin Mary, found there in 1823, 

 which is much visited by pilgrims. Part of the 

 revenues support a classical school established in 

 1825. The capital, St Nicholas, on the western 

 side of the island, was the residence of the Euro- 

 pean consuls, before the Greek revolution. Tenos, 

 the ancient capital, one of the oldest cities of the 



VI 



Greeks, lay near a sacred forest, in which was a 

 temple of Neptune. 



TINTORETTO; the surname of a Venetian 

 historical painter, GIACOMO RoBUSTi,born at Venice, 

 in 1512, died in 1594. His father was a dyer (in 

 Italian, tintore*), whence his surname. Tintoretto 

 studied under Titian, who was so jealous of his 

 powers that he dismissed him from his school. He 

 therefore pursued his studies without any director, 

 and endeavoured to unite his master's colouring with 

 the design of Michael Angelo a union which is 

 discernible in his best pieces. But he executed his 

 works with so much haste that he remained far in- 

 ferior to both of those great masters. His manner 

 of painting was bold, with strong lights, opposed 

 by deep shadows; his pencil was wonderfully firm 

 and free ; his disposition good ; his execution easy, 

 and his touch lively and full of spirit. He painted 

 many works for his native city, among which are a 

 Last Judgment, the Israelites worshipping the 

 Golden Calf, St Agnes, St Roche, and a Crucifixion, 

 the Marriage of Cana, the Martyrdom, or Miracolo 

 del Servo, &c. His portrait, by himself, is in the 

 Louvre ; and there are many of his paintings in 

 Germany, Spain, France, and England. Equal, in 

 several respects, to Titian or Paul Veronese, he 

 wants the dignity of the former, and the grace and 

 richness of composition which distinguish the works 

 of the latter. He had great variety in his attitudes, 

 some of which are excellent, while others are con- 

 trasted to extravagance. Those of his women arc 

 generally graceful, and his heads are designed in a 

 fine taste. 



TIPPER ARY; a county of Ireland, in the pro- 

 vince of Munster, extending from north to south 

 about seventy-four miles, and from east to west about 

 forty. The civil division of Tipperary comprehends 

 the baronies of Clan-william, Eliogarty. East Ifia 

 and Offa, West Iffa and Offa, Ikerin, Killnemanagb, 

 Middlethird, Lower Ormond, Upper Ormond, 

 Owney and Arra, and Sliebhardagh. In these the 

 chief places are Cashel, an ancient city and residence 

 of the Archbishop ; Clonmell the assizes-town, and 

 also a borough; Carrick-on-Suir, a prosperous and 

 well circumstanced town; Roscrea, Nenagh, Caher, 

 a rapidly improving place ; Thurles, Feathard, Tip- 

 perary, Emly, an ancient city, though now a small 

 town; Temple-more, Clogheen, Newport, Killen- 

 aule, Littleton, and New Birmingham. Agricul- 

 ture and the rearing of cattle, sheep, pigs, and 

 poultry, constitute the principal occupation of the 

 inhabitants. The coals raised here are not uffi- 

 cient for the consumption of the inhabitants, who 

 draw extensive supplies of fuel from the bogs 

 southward of Roscrea and elsewhere. Some wool- 

 lens are manufactured and stockings knitted, both 

 for home consumption: ratteens are manufac- 

 tured at Carrick-on-Suir, for the public market, 

 besides woollens and cottons at Clonmel. That 

 part of the Shannon which flows by this county is 

 navigable, and facilitates the traffic with Limerick, 

 and the river Suir opens a valuable inland naviga- 

 tion to the greater part of the county. Tipperary 

 was anciently a palatinate, under the jurisdiction of 

 the Dukes of Ormond, a power which ceased, and 

 was suppressed after the attainder of the duke, in 

 the reign of George I. Amongst the ancient fami- 

 lies may be enumerated the O'Carrols, Butlers, 

 O'Briens, M'Egans, O'Hickeys, O'Kearneys, and 

 Fitzgibbons. Population in 1831, 402,598. 



TIPPICANOE ; a river of Indiana, which joins 

 the Wabash, about 420 miles from its mouth 

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