632 



TITUS TLASCALA. 



with the beak, for the purpose of feeding on the 

 brain ; neither do they hesitate to attack birds 

 much stronger than themselves. Notwithstanding 

 their pugnacious disposition, they live in small 

 scattered flocks. Most of them build in hollow 

 trees, and are remarkable for their fecundity among 

 oirds of their size, some laying eighteen or twenty 



egK 8 - 



TITUS, a disciple of St Paul, who addressed to 

 him a letter, was born of pagan parents, but, after 

 his conversion, became the faithful companion of 

 the apostle. He was employed by St Paul on 

 several missions, and sent to Crete to organize and 

 govern the church in that island, where he died at 

 an advanced age. 



TITUS VESPASIANUS, a Roman emperor, 

 born A. D. 40, was the eldest son of the emperor Ves- 

 pasian. He was educated at the court of Nero, with 

 Britannicus, and was the intimate friend of that 

 unhappy prince. Titus first served as a tribune in 

 Germany and Britain, and won general favour and 

 esteem by his courtesy of manners, his courage, and 

 his military genius. After his return to Rome, he 

 occupied himself with the practice of law, and 

 managed several cases with much skill. While yet 

 quite young, he married the daughter of a Roman 

 knight, and, on her death, united himself in a se- 

 cond marriage with a noble Roman lady, whom he 

 repudiated, after she had borne him a daughter. He 

 then served as questor with reputation, and, on the 

 expiration of his term of office, accompanied his 

 father in the war against the Jews as commander 

 of a legion. When Galba ascended the throne, 

 Titus was sent by his father to declare his adhesion 

 to the new emperor, but, on the way received the 

 news of his assassination. On the death of Otho, 

 Vespasian determined to possess himself of the 

 throne ; and Titus was left to conduct the war in 

 Judea. He took Jerusalem (A. D. 70), after a 

 siege, during which it had been the scene of the 

 most shocking sufferings and cruelties. The tem- 

 ple was destroyed in spite of his exertions to save 

 it. In some respects, Titus displayed much hu- 

 manity; but it is impossible to justify the cruci- 

 fixion, by his orders, of hundreds of the captives. 

 After paying a visit to Egypt, he returned to Rome, 

 which he entered in triumph, and was associated 

 by his father in the government of the empire. His 

 conduct thus far, if we may believe the accounts of 

 Suetonius, had been marked by the most shameless 

 excesses. He had chosen his associates among the 

 most abandoned of the youthful courtiers, and in- 

 dulged in the gratification of every impure desire 

 and unnatural vice. From one so little accustomed 

 to restrain his passions, the Roman people antici- 

 pated nothing but the misrule of a second Caligula 

 or Nero; but, on ascending the throne (79), Titus 

 disappointed these gloomy prognostications, and, 

 relinquishing his vicious habits and debauched com- 

 panions, became the father of his people, the 

 guardian of virtue, and the patron of liberty. His 

 reformation appeared to be sincere and perfect: the 

 unworthy and dissolute youth assumed the charac- 

 ter of the enlightened and munificent sovereign of 

 a vast empire. All informers were banished from 

 his court, and even severely punished ; a reform 

 took place in judicial proceedings : and the public 

 edifices were repaired, and new ones erected for the 

 convenience of the people. The memorable ex- 

 clamation of Titus, " Perdidi diem" (I have lost 

 a day), which he is said to have uttered one day 

 v.hen no opportunity had occurred for doing any 



service or granting u favour to any one of his sub- 

 jects, has been considered as strikingly character- 

 istic of his sentiments and behaviour," which pro- 

 cured for him the title of Amor et delicice yeneris 

 liiiintini (the delight of mankind). Two senators 

 having engaged in a conspiracy against his life, he 

 not only pardoned them, but also admitted them to 

 his friendship. During his reign, there was a con- 

 flagration at Rome, which lasted three days; the 

 towns of Campania were desolated by an eruption 

 of Vesuvius (see Herculaneuni); and the empire 

 was visited by a destroying pestilence. In this 

 season of public calamity, the emperor's benevolence 

 and philanthropy were most conspicuouslydisplayi-d. 

 He comforted the afflicted, relieved the sufferers 

 by his bounty, and exerted all his care for the re- 

 storation of public prosperity. The Romans did 

 not long enjoy the benefits of his wise and virtuous 

 administration. He was seized with a violent 

 fever, and retiring to a country house which had 

 belonged to his father, he there expired, lamenting 

 with his latest breath the severity of his fate, which 

 removed him from the world before he had perfected 

 his plans for the benefit of his grateful subjects, 

 whose sorrow for his loss was heightened by their 

 apprehensions arising from the gloomy and unpro- 

 mising character of his brother Domitian, who was 

 even suspected of having hastened the catastrophe 

 which was to contribute to his own elevation to 

 imperial power. Titus died A. D. 81, in the forty- 

 first year of his age, after reigning two years. 



TITYOS. See Tartarus. 



TIVERTON ; a borough of Devonshire, Eng- 

 land, fourteen miles north of Exeter, with the re. 

 mains of a castle, the site of which covered nearly 

 an acre. The church of St Peter, a handsome 

 structure, is the work of different ages. The 

 north side was built about 1073. The south side, 

 ornamented wth much curious sculpture, was erec- 

 ted about 1520. The tower is 116 feet in height. 

 A free grammar school was founded here about 

 1599, attached to which are two fellowships and 

 two scholarships, at Cambridge, and the same at 

 Oxford. Tiverton was formerly famous for its 

 woollen manufactures, and is now well known for 

 an extensive manufacture of lace, in which more 

 than 2000 persons are employed. Population, in 

 1831, 9766. 



TIVOLI, on the Teverone, remarkable for its 

 classical associations and beautiful situation, is the 

 capital of a district in the Campagna di Roma ; 

 population, 5500 ; eighteen miles north-east of 

 Rome. The Teverone (anciently Anio~) here pre- 

 cipitates itself nearly 100 feet in one mass, and 

 then rushes through a chasm of the rock into a 

 cavern below. (See Terni.") Here are some 

 beautiful ruins in the vicinity, the remains of the 

 ancient Tibur. Near the town is also the Solfa 

 tara, or Lago di Bagni. See Campagna di Roma. 



TIZIANO. See Titian. 



TLASCALA ; at the time of the conquest of 

 Mexico by the Spaniards, an independent state at 

 war with the Mexicans, but afterwards included in 

 the intendancy of Puebla de los Angelos, in the 

 viceroyalty of New Spain. (See Mexico, and Pu- 

 eWa.) It now forms a territory of the Mexican 

 republic, the population (about 60,000) not being 

 sufficient to constitute it an independent state. 

 The principal town, Tlascala (64 miles east of 

 Mexico; Ion. 98 10' W.; lat. 19 25' N.), situ- 

 ated on a river running into the Pacific, is said 

 to have contained 300,000 inhabitants when the 



