TRILL TRINITY HOUSE. 



675 



Spherical Trigonometry (in German, Leipsic, 1819) 

 a very practical book ; Lacroix's Traite element, 

 de Trigonometric rectiligne et spherique (6th ed., ; 

 Paris, 1813) ; and the great work of Cagnoli, Traite \ 

 de Trigonometric rectiligne et spherique; Vince's ! 

 Treatise on Plane and Spherical Trigonometry (Cam- , 

 bridge, 1800); Ingram's Elements of Plane and 

 Spherical Trigonometry (1799, 8vo.) ; Dr Forbes* 

 Theory of the Differential Calculus, with Applica- 

 tions, (Glasgow 1837), also the works of Playfair, 

 Bonnycastle, &c. Respecting trigonometrical tables, 

 see Sine and Logarithms. 



TRILL, OR SHAKE (in Italian, trillo), is, in 

 music, the quick, uniform alternation of two adjoin- 

 ing tones or semitones. The beauty of this grace, 

 in music, depends upon its being equal, distinctly 

 marked, and moderately quick. The lower tone 

 is the chief and essential tone, and supports the 

 shake : it is therefore marked, in writing the 

 notes, and with this the shake closes ; for example, 



The upper tone is the assistant one, and 



distant from the lower either a whole or a half 

 tone. Whether a whole tone or only a half 

 tone higher is to be taken, depends upon the 

 key, and the place of the chief note. The whole 

 tone is taken, if the chief tone belongs to a sharp 

 key ; the half tone if it belongs to a flat key, or 

 is a lower leading tone. The general rule for the 

 execution of a shake, is to begin with the as- 

 sistant tone, because thus the shake becomes 

 tr 



clearer ; hence 



, when executed, becomes 



that is, 



they give the chief tone first. Several progressive 

 shakes are called a catena di trilli. According to 

 what we have said, it is a fault if, in a shake, the 

 second tone is heard little or not at all. This is 

 called by the Italians tosse de capra, or goat's cough, 

 and happens when the singer continues to quaver 

 on the same tone, or when the shake is narrower 

 than the interval of half a tone. On instruments, 

 the shake is much easier than for the voice. Some 

 of the best singers have no shake ; and, as it is 

 merely an ornament, it is much better to omit it 

 than to perform it badly. Some birds have an ex- 

 quisite shake, as the lark and nightingale. To learn 

 a shake, it is necessary to begin slowly, in order to 

 hit the distance of the two tones precisely. 



TRILOGY ; among the ancient Greeks, a union 

 of three tragedies, connected in subject, which, to- 

 gether with a satirical piece, were performed in im- 

 mediate succession. The trilogy in connexion with 

 this satirical piece was called tetralogy. Every 

 tragic poet who became a competitor for the prize 

 at the feast of Bacchus, was obliged to produce 

 such a tetralogy for performance. Such tetralo- 



gies of JEschylus were the Orestias and the Lycur- 

 gia. Mr Welcker also assumes the supposition of 

 a trilogy of .ZEschylus, in his Prometheus. But 

 there is only one trilogy of antiquity which we can 

 be certain of possessing complete, namely, the 

 Orestias of ^Eschylus, which contains the Agamem- 

 non, Coephori, and Eumenides. 



TRIM; the state or disposition of the ballast, 

 cargo, masts, sails, &c., by which a ship is best 

 fitted for the purposes of navigation. 



TRINIDAD ; an island near the coast of South 

 America, separated from Cumana by the gulf of 

 Paria, which is about seventy-five miles broad. It 

 is of an irregular square form, seventy-nine miles 

 by fifty-six, and belongs to Great Britain. LOR. 

 60 6' to 61 3& W. ; lat. 9 4& to 10 42' N. It 

 is the largest, most fertile, and most beautiful, of 

 all the Leeward islands, and was compared by Co- 

 lumbus to a terrestrial paradise. It is full of forest 

 trees, and is situated out of the parallel of hurri- 

 canes, which have never as yet shifted so far 

 to the south. The mornings and evenings in 

 the island are delightful ; the nights cool and re- 

 freshing, although the heat is great during the day; 

 and the climate is healthy. Trinidad is capable of 

 producing every article for the West India market, 

 equal to any of the Windward islands. Here are 

 several sorts of animals, plenty of wild hogs, fish, 

 fowl and fruit. It also produces maize, cassava, 

 and other roots, and, in general, all that is commonly 

 found in America. The island of Tobago is separated 

 from Trinidad by a channel called Trinidad channel. 

 The chief town is Port of Spain. Population, 

 44,163; 24,006 slaves, 15,956 free coloured, and 

 4201 whites. Exports to Great Britain, in 1829, 



694,001; imports from the same, 361,077 



Trinidad (Spanish, Trinity') was discovered by Co- 

 lumbus, in 1498. After having been taken by 

 Raleigh, in 1595, and by the French, in 1676, it was 

 finally reduced by the British, in 1797, and was ceded 

 to Britain by the peace of Amiens. Utensils, vases 

 and pastes have been found here, which some have 

 supposed to have been left by the Carthaginians. 



TRINITY. The doctrine of the Trinity, re- 

 ceived by the greatest part of the Christian world, 

 teaches that in the unity of the Godhead there are 

 three persons, of one substance, power and eternity, 

 the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. The 

 word Trinity does not occur in the Scriptures, nor 

 in the Apostles' Creed, nor in the Nicene creed, but 

 is found in the Athanasian creed (see Creed), in the 

 following clause : " The Catholic faith is, that we 

 worship one God in Trinity, and Trinity in unity, 

 neither confounding the persons nor dividing the 

 substance." (See Antitrinitarians, and Unitarians.~) 

 The former clause is directed against the Patropas- 

 siaii and Sabellian heresies, and the latter against 

 the Ebionites, Cerinthians, Photinians, Arians and 

 Macedonians. See Heretic. 



TRINITY COLLEGE, OB DUBLIN UNI- 

 VERSITY, was founded by queen Elizabeth, in 

 1591. It has a provost, who receives 3000 a 

 year, seven senior fellows, with about 1000 in- 

 come, sixteen junior fellows, who are tutors, and 

 whose income depends on their success, and seventy 

 scholars. The students are divided into three 

 classes, fellow-commoners, pensioners and sizars, 

 about thirty in number, who receive their commons 

 and instruction gratis. Roman Catholics and Dis- 

 senters are not excluded, as they are in England. 

 See Dublin, and University. 



TRINITY HOUSE (London). The society of 

 2 u2 



