686 



TRUMPETER TSULAKEES. 



produceB flat (the tliird above thetreble-clifFnote); 

 and, by the aid of a newly-invented slide, many 

 other notes, which the common trumpet cannot 

 sound, are now produced. The trumpet, from its 

 exciting effect, is well fitted for military music ; 

 and a band of twenty or thirty trumpets has a pe- 

 culiarly spirit-stirring sound. It is used for giving 

 signals, and also accompanies flags of truce, heralds, 

 &c. With the ancients, the r<t\wy\ seems to have 

 come nearest to our trumpet. Weidinger, in Vienna, 

 has invented a trumpet with keys ; but the instru- 

 ment, in this way, loses in beauty of tone what it 

 gains in compass. 



Trumpet, Heurimi. See Ear Trumpet. 



Trumpet, Speaking, is a tube of considerable 

 length, viz. from six feet to twelve, and even more, 

 used for speaking with, to make the voice heard to 

 a greater distance. In a trumpet of this kind, the 

 sound in one direction is supposed to be increased 

 by the reflection from the sides. 



TRUMPETER (psophia) ; a South American 

 bird, about as large as a domestic fowl, referred by 

 naturalists to the waders, of which it has the long 

 neck and legs ; but it possesses many characters in 

 common with gallinaceous birds. The feathers of 

 the throat and upper part of the breast have the 

 most brilliant reflections of green, gold, blue and 

 violet : the other parts of the body are black, except 

 the middle of the back and lesser coverts, which 

 are reddish, and the greater coverts of the wings 

 and tail, which are ash-coloured. In the wild state, 

 this bird is found only in the mountainous and woody 

 districts of the hottest parts of South America, 

 where it lives on fruits. It runs swiftly, sometimes 

 walks with a slow pace, or leaps. Its wings and 

 tail are very short, and its flight clumsy. Tire name 

 has been applied on account of the note which it 

 utters. It is easily tamed, and shows as much at- 

 tachment and fidelity to its master as a dog. It 

 obeys his voice, caresses and follows him, and recog- 

 nises him after a long absence. It drives away 

 all strange animals, and fears neither cat nor dog. 

 Those which live in the streets of Cayenne will often 

 attach themselves to a stranger, and follow him 

 wherever he goes. In short, these birds are superior 

 to all others in intelligence and social disposition ; 

 and it would be desirable to naturalize them in this 

 country an experiment which has never been fairly 

 tried, that we are aware of. It is said that flocks 

 of sheep are confided to their charge, and that they 

 constantly bring them home every evening : it is 

 certain that the care of poultry may be safely in- 

 trusted to them. 



TRURO ; a town of Cornwall, situated almost 

 in the centre of the mining district, 255 miles west- 

 south-west from London. Truro has considerably 

 increased in size of late years, and is now a hand- 

 some and well-built town ; the streets are partially 

 paved and lighted with gas. It contains a county 

 library, a literary society, with a valuable museum, 

 and a neat assembly-room, which is occasionally 

 used as a theatre. Truro is one of the original 

 coinage towns, and is a place of considerable trade ; 

 the chief exports consist of tin and copper ore ; and 

 the imports are iron, coal, and timber, for the mines. 

 The principal manufactures are carpets and paper ; 

 there is also a manufactory for converting block- 

 tin into bars and ingots ; the former are exported to 

 the 'Baltic and the Mediterranean, and the latter 

 to the East Indies ; and the best description of 

 crucibles are made from the china stone. Popula- 

 tion in 1841, of borough and parish, 3043. 



TRUSS, in surgery ; a bandage or apparatus em- 

 ployed in ruptures (see Hernia), to keep up the re- 

 duced parts, and hinder a fresh protrusion. It is 

 essential to the health of a large portion of the human 

 race. A truss ought so to compress the neck of 

 the hernial sac, and the ring, or external opening of 

 the hernia, that a protrusion of any of the contents 

 of the abdomen may be completely prevented. It 

 should make an equal pressure on the parts without 

 causing inconvenience to the patient, and be so se- 

 cured as not easily to slip out of its right position. 

 Every truss consists of a pad, for compressing the 

 aperture through which the hernia protrudes, and 

 of another piece which surrounds the abdomen : to 

 these are sometimes added a thigh-strap and 

 pulary, which passes over the shoulder. See Sur- 

 gery. 



TRYING; the situation in which a ship lir 

 nearly in the trough or hollow of the sea in a tem- 

 pest ; or it is the act of lying to in a storm, which 

 may be performed under any of the courses reeved, 

 if requisite, or even under bare poles, the helm 

 being lashed a-lee. See Ship. 



TSCHAIK (Turkish for ship) is used in Hungary 

 to signify a sort of light galley, used on the Danube, 

 and provided with sail and rudder. The tschaih 

 carries from two to twelve cannon, and from ten to 

 one hundred men. The men who serve on board 

 are called tschaikists, or pontoneers. They occupy 

 a part of the military frontier of Hungary, lying be- 

 tween the Theiss and Danube, and hold their land 

 by rendering service in manning flotillas on the 

 Danube, and acting as pontoneers on the rivers in 

 Hungary. Their arms are muskets, musketoons, 

 sabres and lances. See Military Frontiers. 



TSCHIRNHAUSEN, EHRENFHIED WALTEB 

 VON ; an ingenious mathematician, born in Lusatia, 

 April 10, 1651. He studied some time at the uni- 

 versity of Leyden, and, in 1672, entered the Dutch 

 army, in which he served some time as a volunteer, 

 and then travelled into most of the principal coun- 

 tries of Europe. On his return, being desirous to 

 perfect the science of optics, he established three 

 glass-houses in Saxony, and showed how porcelain 

 might be made from a particular kind of earth, and 

 may therefore be considered as the founder of the 

 celebrated Dresden porcelain manufactory. He like- 

 wise directed his attention to mathematics, and dis- 

 covered a particular kind of curves, endowed with 

 very remarkable properties, an account of which he 

 communicated to the academy of sciences of Paris, 

 in 1682, which body elected him a member. About 

 the year 1687, he constructed an extraordinary burn- 

 ing mirror (see Burning Mirror), and, soon after, 

 a glass lens, three feet in diameter, and convex on 

 both sides, which had a focus of twelve feet, and 

 weighed 160 pounds. Its effects were astonishing. 

 (See Burning Glass.) The only work which he 

 published separately was his De Medicina Mentis 

 et Carports (printed at Amsterdam, in 1687) ; but 

 he was the author of several papers on burning 

 glasses, and on his discoveries in regard to curv. -. 

 which appeared in the Leipsic Transactions, and 

 the Memoirs of the French Academy of Sciences. 



TSULAKEES, OR TSALAKEES (sometimes 

 also written Tsalagis) ; the proper name of the In- 

 dian tribe whom we commonly term Cher' 

 Their territory originally comprised more than half 

 of what is now the state of Tennessee, the southern 

 part of Kentucky, the south-west corner of Virgi- 

 nia, a considerable portion of the two Carolina;-, a 

 large part of Georgia, and the northern part of Ala- 





