TUBINGEN TUILERIES. 



689 



from the southern to the northern parts of Europe. 

 The root is a rounded bulb ; the radical and inferior 

 leaves long, sessile, entire, almost sword-shaped, 

 and very acute ; the stem upright, cylindrical, un- 

 branching, three or four feet high. The flowers 

 are disposed in a simple and more or less elongated 

 spike : they are large, sessile, alternate, tubular, 

 and of a very pure white : the tube of the corolla 

 is a little curved, and divides into six oval obtuse 

 lobes. The flowers expand successively, so that 

 they continue nearly three months. Several re- 

 markable varieties are known. It succeeds best in 

 a warm exposure. The essential oil is used by 

 perfumers. 



TUBINGEN; an old town of Wiirtemberg, 

 circle of the Neckar, situated in a valley on the 

 Neckar, sixteen miles south-west of Stuttgard; Ion. 

 9 J 4' E.; lat. 48 31' N.; population, 7600. It 

 contains an hospital, four churches, a theological 

 seminary, a college for the nobility, and a univer- 

 sity. The environs are finely diversified by hill, 

 dale and forest. The town has some woollen 

 manufactures, but is supported chiefly by the uni- 

 versity, .which was founded in 1477, and received 

 very important improvements in 1769. It has a 

 good library, a botanic garden, and, in 1829, had 

 874 students. It was formerly exclusively Pro- 

 testant ; but a few years since the Catholic univer- 

 sity at Elwangen was united with it. In 1828, the 

 Wurtemberg chamber of deputies granted it a 

 yearly sum of 80,000 guilders. It has thirty-one 

 professors. 



TUCCOA CREEK, CATARACT IN. See Ca- 

 taract. 



TUCKER, ABRAHAM, an English writer on 

 morals and metaphysics, was the son of a merchant 

 of London, where he was born in 1705. After 

 completing his studies at Oxford, he travelled in 

 France. He married in 1736, and, having lost his 

 wife in 1754, he published, under the title of a 

 Picture of Love without Art, her letters to him. 

 Some time after he produced his Advice from a 

 Country Gentleman to his Son, and commenced his 

 great work, the Light of Nature pursued (7 vols., 

 8vo.), the first three of which appeared in 1768, 

 under the pseudonym of Edward Search: the re- 

 maining volumes were printed after the death of 

 the author, which took place in 1774. See Mack- 

 intosh's Essay on Ethical Philosophy. 



TUDOR. See Britain, and the articles Henry 

 VII. VIII. Elizabeth, &c. 



TUESDAY (Latin dies Martis); the third day 

 of our week, probably so called from the Anglo- 

 Saxon god of war Tuu, (gen. Tunes, whence the 

 Anglo-Saxon Tuuesdag.') See Week, and, for 

 Shrove-Tuesday, see Shrovetide. 



TUET. See Tviscon. 



TUGENBUND (German, union of virtue') ; the 

 name generally given to an association in Prussia, 

 called also the moral-scientific union, founded by 

 some patriots, soon after the fatal peace of Tilsit. 

 Its object was to promote the moral regeneration 

 of the people, and to prepare it for better times. 

 Schools and universities, physical and moral science, 

 the army, the government, the distress of the peo- 

 ple, all occupied the attention of the society, which 

 suggested many ideas subsequently adopted. The 

 government formally recognised its existence, and 

 at times received reports from the society. There 

 were no degrees, secrets, signs, or forms of initia- 

 tion. Any Prussian subject of good character 

 might become a member, on promising in writing 



VI. 



to promote the objects of the society, and to be 

 faithful to the reigning family. The minister Stein 

 favoured the society; but when he left the ministry, 

 and Schill, one of the members, had attacked the 

 French, though not at the instigation of the society, 

 the French induced the king to abolish it. Pro- 

 fessor Krug of Leipsic, who was himself a member, 

 wrote Das Wesen und Wirken des sogenannten Tu- 

 gendbundes und anderer angeblichen JBunde (Leipsic, 

 1816). 



TUILERIES (from tuile, a tile, because the 

 spot on which it is built was formerly used for the 

 manufacture of tiles,); the residence of the French 

 monarchs, on the right bank of the Seine, in Paris. 

 Catharine de' Medici, wife of Henry II. began the 

 building from the designs of Philibert de 1'Orme 

 and Jean Bullant (1564). Henry IV. extended it, 

 and founded the gallery (1600), which was intended 

 to connect it with the Louvre, and form a residence 

 for twenty-four artists. Louis XIV. enlarged it 

 (1654), and completed the great gallery. The side 

 towards the Louvre consists of five pavilions and 

 four ranges of buildings ; the other side has only 

 three pavilions. In the pavilion of Flora, Napoleon 

 resided, and it was afterwards occupied by Louis 

 XVIII. The exterior of the Tuileries is deficient 

 in harmony, having been built at different times, 

 and on very different plans; but the interior is 

 magnificent. The gallery above mentioned, which 

 connects the Tuileries with the Louvre, is com- 

 pleted on the side towards the Seine ; the lower 

 part consists of open arcades ; above is the collec- 

 tion of pictures. The second gallery leading to the 

 place Rivoli and the rue St Honore, was begun by 

 Napoleon in 1808, but is not finished. To make 

 room for it, many houses and whole streets were 

 levelled ; and much of the ground is still occupied 

 by the ruins of the former buildings. On the west 

 of the palace lie the gardens of the Tuileries, form- 

 ing a quadrangle of the width of the palace, and 1800 

 feet in length; they are sixty-seven arpents* in 

 superficial area. Upon two sides they are enclosed 

 by long terraces (that on the side to the Seine com- 

 mands a beautiful prospect) and iron railings. This 

 garden, laid out by the celebrated Lenotre for 

 Louis XIV. has, in more recent times, been highly 

 ornamented in the French style, and contains alleys 

 of orange trees and other trees, groves, lawns with 

 beds of flowers and shrubberies, fountains and basins 

 of water with swans and goldfish, a great number 

 of vases, and more than sixty statues imitated 

 from ancient works. It is filled at all hours of the 

 day with persons of all classes : chairs and the 

 newspapers may be had at a small price. Towards 

 the city, and separated from the court by an iron 

 palisade, is the place du Carrousel which receives 

 its name from a carrousel exhibited here by Louis 

 XIV. in 1664. The arc du Carrousel, erected by 

 Napoleon in 1806, forms the principal entrance into 

 the court : it was formerly ornamented with the 

 horses of St Mark and a statue of Napoleon, which 

 have been removed. The French court was for- 

 merly called the " court of the Tuileries;" but un- 

 der the three last Louises, who resided at Ver- 

 sailles, that appellation was changed to the " cabinet 

 of Versailles." Napoleon resided some time at St 

 Cloud, and the court then received that name. But 

 since the restoration, the kings have again occupied 

 the Tuileries. 



* The Paris arpeiit is rather more than four fifths of an En a. 

 lish acre. 



2x 



