TYRONE TYTLER. 



11 



above two 01 three miles broad. Innspruck, the 

 capital city, is situated about midway in this valley. 



The main territory of the Lower or Italian Tyrol 

 is comprised in the valleys of the Eisach and the 

 Adige, on which rivers the principal towns of this 

 southern division, as Botzen, Lavis, Trent (the 

 capital), and Iloveredo, are situated. Notwith- 

 standing its forests, lakes, rocks, glaciers, and 

 mountains covered with perpetual snow, the Tyrol 

 is a tolerably well-peopled country. Riesbeck says, 

 that in his "time (1780) it contained altogether 

 about 600,000 souls, and annually paid to the Aus- 

 trian government about 3,000,000 florins, ("about 

 300,000.) The silver and copper works at Schawtz, 

 in the Upper Tyrol, were among the most profit- 

 able things in the emperor's hereditary dominions ; 

 and the saltworks at Halle, in the same division of 

 the country, yielded annually about 300,000 florins. 

 He states the population of Innspruck, which he 

 calls a line city, at 14,000 souls. 



Tyrol was first conquered by the Romans in the 

 time of Augustus, and at a later period was tra- 

 versed and desolated by various barbarous tribes. 

 The Franks, and, after the extinction of the Car- 

 lovingian dynasty, the dukes of Bavaria, obtained 

 the sovereignty ; but some of the counts continued 

 to be powerful. In 1359, Margaret Maultasche, 

 the only daughter of one of these, conveyed her pos- 

 sessions to the duke of Austria; and Tyrol has 

 since belonged to that power, with the exception 

 of a short time from 1805 to 1814. For an account 

 of the insurrection of the Tyrolese in 1809 against 

 the French and Bavarians, see Hofer, Andrew. 

 See also Austria. 



TYRONE ; a county in Ulster, Ireland, extend- 

 ing about fifty-four miles from N. to S. and twenty- 

 five from E. to W. It is divided into four baronies 

 Clogher, Dungannon, Omagh, and Strabane ; and 

 in these are comprised the assize towns of Omagh, 

 Dungannon, and Strabane, the old city of Clogher, 

 and the small towns of Ballygawley, Moy, Cale- 

 don, Augnactoy, Newton Stewart, and Dromore. 

 The whole of Dungannon barony is rich, fruitful 

 land, and abounds with small towns and villages. 

 Strabane barony, on the contrary, is extremely 

 rugged, and much less productive, a great portion 

 of it labouring under the mass of the Munterlony 

 and Cairntogher mountains. The western parts of 

 Omagh include the Corragh and Longfield moun- 

 tains, but the remainder of the barony is level and 

 productive. The whole of Clogher barony may be 

 said to be available land. The riveis here are 

 beneficially applied in facilitating the bleaching of 

 linen, and supplying artificial lines of navigation. 

 The Blackwater rises near Ballygawley, and, after 

 a tortuous course, discharges itself into Lough 

 Neagh, near Maghery. The heart of the county 

 enjoys a plentiful supply from the streams of the 

 Cameron, Poe, Moyle, Gavaghy, Onreagh, Derg, 

 Munterloney, Drimna, and .other brooks, all of 

 which prove tributary at last, to the Mourne and 

 Foyle ; whilst the Oona, Devlin, Torreen, and 

 several minor streams, throw themselves into the 

 channel of the Bfockwater. The Balindary flows 

 into the Great Lough Neagh. The staple manu- 

 facture of the county is linen. Population in 184J, 

 'J12.JW6. 



TYRRHENI A, TYRSENIA ; the ancient name 

 of that part of Italy afterwards called Etruria. 

 Niebuhr has proved that the Tyrrhenians, or Tyr- 

 senian?, were a Pela*gic race, and entirely different 

 from the Etruscans, who occupied the country, and 



gave it their name at a later period. Much con- 

 tusion has been produced in history from confound- 

 ing the two nations. See Etruria, and Tuscany. 



TYRT^EUS, an ancient Greek poet, celebrated 

 for his martial strains, is said to have been a native 

 of Miletus, who settled at Athens in the capacity 

 of poet, musician and school-master. He is de- 

 scribed as being short, lame, and blind of one eye ; 

 but he possessed a manly and elevated soul. In 

 the war between the Lacedaemonians and Mes- 

 senians, the former were promised victory by the 

 oracle, if they obtained a general from Athens. 

 The Athenians, it is supposed in derision, sent 

 them Tyrtaeus, who so animated the Spartans by 

 his spirited strains, and aided them so effectually 

 by his advice, that the Messenians were reduced to 

 subjection. For these services, the Spartans treated 

 him with great respect, and granted him the rights 

 of citizenship. The war poems of Tyrtaeus must 

 have been in high repute, as Horace joins him with 

 Homer in that department. He also composed 

 Moral Precepts, and a work On the Policy of the 

 Lacedaemonians. Some fragments of his war poems 

 remain, which are characterized by their masculine 

 simplicity. They have been published with the 

 other minor Greek poets, and separately by Klotz 

 (Altenburg, 1767). Matthia has written a treatise 

 JDe Tyrtcei Carminibus (Altenburg, 1821). 



TYRWHITT, THOMAS, a profound scholar and 

 distinguished critic, born in 1730, was educated at 

 Eton and Oxford, where he took his degrees, and, 

 in 1755, obtained a fellowship at Merton. He was 

 acquainted with almost all the European languages, 

 as well as those of classical antiquity. In 1756, 

 he was appointed under secretary in the war de- 

 partment, and, in 1762, succeeded Mr Dyson as 

 clerk of the house of commons. This office he re- 

 signed in 1768; and the remainder of his life was 

 devoted to study. His death took place in 1786. 

 Mr Tyrwhitt published a valuable edition of the 

 Canterbury Tales of Chaucer, with a Glossary 

 (1778, 5 vols., 8vo. ; reprinted, Oxford, 1798, 2 

 vols., 4to.); De Babrio (Gabriae) Fabularum &so- 

 pearum Scriptore (London, 1766, 8vo.) ; Auctarium 

 Dissertationis de Babrio adjecit Tyrwhitt sua Or- 

 phei de Lapidibus Edit. (1781, 8vo.) ; Rowley's 

 (Chatterton's) Poems, with a Preface and Glossary 

 (8vo.); Vindication of the Appendix to Rowley's 

 Poems, with Observations on these Poems ; Poems 

 in English and Latin, which were his earliest pro- 

 ductions. Mr Tyrwhitt likewise left materials 

 for a new edition of the Poetics of Aristotle, 

 which was printed at Oxford, in 1794 (4to. and 

 8vo.). 



TYTHES. See Tithes. 



TYTLER, ALEXANDER FRASER (lord Wood- 

 houselee), one of the senators of the college of 

 justice in Scotland, was born at Edinburgh, in 

 1747, and died in 1813. He published the Deci- 

 sions of the Court of Session in the Form of a 

 Dictionary; and, having been elected professor of 

 history at Edinburgh, he printed, in 1783, Outlines 

 of a Course of Lectures on Universal History 

 (8vo.), which was followed by his popular woik 

 Elements of general History, Ancient and Modern 

 (2 vols., 8vo.). Among the other works of lord 

 Woodhouselee are Memoirs of Lord Kaines, con- 

 taining Sketches of the Progress of Literature in 

 Scotland in the Eighteenth Century (1807, 2 vols., 

 4to.), with a Supplement (1810, 4to.), and im 

 Essay on the Life of Petrarch (London, 1810. 

 8voO. Memoirs of his life, by Alison, were pub- 



