772 



UTTOXETER VACCINATION. 



The time of his death cannot be given with cer- 

 tainty. 



UTTOXETER ; a town in Staffordshire,England, 

 situated on a gentle eminence, close to the western 

 bank of the river Dove, over which is an ancient 

 stone bridge of six arches, connecting the counties of 

 Stafford and Derby. It consists of several spacious 

 streets, with a good market place in the centre, and 

 the houses are in general well built. The extensive 

 meadow and pasture lands in the neighbourhood are 

 extremely fertile. The vicinity of Uttoxeter abounds 

 with iron forges, and the trade has been greatly in- 

 creased of late years, in consequence of the facility 

 of communication, by means of inland navigation. 

 Population of town and parish in 1841, 4735. 



UXBRIDGE ; a town in Middlesex, fifteen miles 

 west by north from London. It is situated on the 

 high road to Oxford, occupying a gentle declivity 

 on the banks of the river Colne. The Grand 

 Junction Canal passes through the town, and has 

 warehouses and wharfs on its bank, for the conve- 



nience of trade. The town consists principally of one 

 street, about a mile in length, near the centre of 

 which is a large and commodious market house, erec- 

 ted in 1789. The greater part of the town is only 

 a hamlet of Hillingdon. It contains a subscription 

 library and reading room. Manufactories for im- 

 plements of husbandry and Windsor and garden 

 chairs, are carried on to a considerable extent. ( n 

 the river are many large corn-mills, affording a great 

 supply of flour to the metropolis. Population in 

 1841, 3219. 



UZ, JOHN PETER, a German poet of note, was 

 born in 1720, in Anspach. He studied law, re- 

 ceived various legal appointments, and died in An- 

 spach, in 1796. Ch. F. Wf isse published his poet- 

 ical works at Vienna, 1804, in two volumes. I'z 

 is distinguished, as a lyric poet, for his mirthful 

 strains, and for his hymns, of which several are yet 

 sung in the German Protestant churches. His epis- 

 tolary style is easy. 



V ; the twenty-second letter of the English alpha- 

 bet, a labial, formed by the junction of the upper 

 teeth with the lower lip, and a gentle expiration. 

 V differs from f principally in the circumstance that 

 the breath is emitted more gently in pronouncing 

 it. (See F, and J5.) It is, like /, a semi-vowel. 

 The English t; corresponds in sound nearly to the 

 German w, and therefore belongs to the class which 

 the Germans call Blaselaute. The Germans have 

 the character v, but it generally has the same sound 

 with^ as in Voter (pronounced/erter). Sometimes 

 it corresponds to the German w, as in Pulver. The 

 Romans had two different characters for the small 

 letters and t>, but the capital V was common to 

 both : hence many other nations, who received their 

 alphabet from the Romans, continue to confound 

 these letters. V, as a numeral, denotes 5 ; when a 

 dash was added at the top, thus "V, it signified 500. 

 V. R. with the Romans stood for uti rogas. (See 

 Suffrage.) V. D. D. stood for veto dedicatur ; 

 V. G. verbi gratia; V. L. videlicit. On French 

 coins, it signified the mint of Troyes. In music, V 

 is used for the abbreviation of the word violin ; and 

 when written double, implies both first and second 

 violin. In ancient music it had several other mean- 

 ings. V. S. are the initials for the Latin verte su- 

 bito, or the Italian volte subito (turn over quickly). 



VA (Italian) ; go on ; as Va crescendo (Go on 

 increasing). 



VACCINATION; inoculation with the cow- 

 pox. This is a poison, derived from certain speci- 

 fic sores on the teats and udders of cows, and capa- 

 ble of being communicated by accidental contact, 

 where the cuticle has been removed, or by means 

 of inoculation to the human subject. That subjects 

 who have taken the vaccine disease accidentally, 

 were thereby secured from the small pox, was po- 

 pularly known in several of the dairy counties of 

 England. But it was reserved for Jenner to show, 



that the cow-pox could be propagated by inocula- 

 tion, and that the inoculated disease possessed the 

 same prophylactic power as the original disorder. 

 Several years before Jenner wrote on the subject, 

 some eminent physicians had heard of the fact, and 

 mentioned it casually in their writings ; but Dr 

 Jenner was the first who composed a treatise, with 

 the express view of bringing the remedy into general 

 application. This was in 1798 ; and the treatise 

 was entitled an Inquiry into the Causes and Effects 

 of the Variolae Vaccinae, a Disease discovered in 

 some of the Western Counties of England, particu- 

 larly Gloucestershire, and known by the name of the 

 Cow-pox. The value of the discovery was at first a 

 subject of warm controversy ; but its great impor- 

 tance is now generally acknowledged. The cow-pox 

 is not a merely local affection, but produces a general, 

 though extremely mild, disturbance of the constitu- 

 tion, which is ordinarily so trivial as not to excite 

 any alarm in the very youngest subjects. It seems 

 probable, at present, that it is not an infallible se- 

 curity against the small-pox, although the number 

 of failures is very small, when due allowance has 

 been made for mistakes and misrepresentations. A 

 small, inflamed spot, distinguishable about the third 

 day, shows that the inoculation has succeeded. 

 This increases in size, becomes bard, and rises above 

 the level of the skin. A small quantity of fluid 

 can be discerned in the centre on the sixth day, and 

 the pustule increases until the tenth day. This 

 fluid will communicate the disease by inoculation. 

 On the eighth day, when the pustule is fully formed, 

 the constitutional effects begin to appear, and 

 manifest themselves by slight pain in the part, 

 headache, shivering, loss of appetite, &c. These 

 subside spontaneously in one or two days. During 

 the general indisposition, the pustule becomes sur- 

 rounded with a broad, circular, inflamed margin, 

 called the areola. Afterwards the fluid dries up, 



