8H 



VICO VICTORIA. 



and palaces there are fine paintings, by Piilma, 



Giordano and others See Herd's Guida per Vi- 



cenza (Venice, 1822) A part of the inhabitants 



subsist by silk manufactures, the province produc- 

 ing much of the raw material; and several other 

 manufactures are carried on here. Before the gate 

 of the castle lies the beautiful garden Valmaruna. 

 Vicenza has almost always, especially in modern 

 tiroes, shared the futeof its neighbour Verona. In 

 November, 1796, a sanguinary battle was fought 

 near Vicenza, between the French, under general 

 Bonaparte, and the Austrians, under Alvinzi. 



VICO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, one of the most 

 original thinkers, was born, in 1668 or 1670, at 

 Naples, and was the son of a bookseller. When a 

 boy, he fractured his skull, and did not recover 

 until after three years of suffering. This misfortune 

 seems to have given him a melancholy and contem- 

 plative cast. He made great progress in elementary 

 studies, but became disgusted with the study of 

 philosophy, until, at a meeting of the accademia 

 dtgY infuriati, he saw the scholars sitting by the 

 most distinguished men of the city, which at once 

 kindled his ambition. He studied law, and laboured 

 with such assiduity as to injure his health. Being 

 without means of support, he accepted the place of 

 instructor to the nephew of Rocco, bishop of Ischia. 

 He lived nine years in a charming retirement, and 

 read and thought profoundly. Having returned to 

 Naples, he married, and was obliged to accept a 

 professorship of rhetoric, which brought him about 

 100 dollars a year. When Charles of Bourbon 

 ascended the throne, a better fate seemed to await 

 him, as he was appointed historiographer to the 

 king ; but it was too late. Intense studies, by day 

 and night, together with domestic cares, had ex- 

 hausted his mind : he sunk into idiocy, and died in 

 1744. Vico was rich in noble and excellent, but 

 also in bold and questionable ideas. Mythology is 

 his leader through the darkness of the past. His 

 chief work is his Principj di una Scienza Nuova 

 tdntorno alia commune Natura delle Nazioni (Na- 

 ples, 1725 ; 7th ed., Naples, 1817). His ideas re- 

 specting Homer and Roman history agree remark- 

 ably with many of those of Wolf and Niebuhr. 

 His autobiography has been recently published in 

 the Opuscoli di Uian Battista Vico raccolti e pub- 

 blicati da Carlo Antonio Rosa (Naples, 1818). His 

 Scienza Nuova has been translated into German 

 (1822) and French (1827). 



VICQ-D'AZYR, FEI.IX; an eminent French 

 physician and anatomist, born at Valogne, in 1748. 

 He went to Paris in 1765, and, after having devoted 

 several years to the study of medicine, and the 

 sciences connected with it, especially anatomy and 

 physiology, he commenced giving lectures on human 

 and comparative anatomy, in 1773. The memoirs 

 in which he gave an account of his discoveries con- 

 cerning the structure of foreign animals, procured 

 him admission into the academy of sciences in 1774. 

 As perpetual secretary of a medical society at Paris, 

 he wrote the biographical eulogies of many of the 

 members. In 1788, he was made a member of the 

 French academy, and, in 1789, first physician to the 

 queen. He died June 20, 1794. Vicq-d'Azyr, in 

 1786, commenced the publication of a work entitled 

 Traite d 'Anatomic et de Physiologic (with coloured 

 plates, folio). This part, which is all that appeared, 

 relates only to the brain, with an introductory dis- 

 course on anatomy in general. He also wrote part 

 of Systeme anatomique des Quadrupedes for the 

 Encyclopedic Methodique ; a treatise entitled Mede- 



cine des Bftes a Cornfs (1781, 2 vols., 8vo.), nnd 

 many medical and anatomical memoirs. His /.". n/t-n 

 Historiques were published in 1797 and in IW'.i; 

 and his works appeared in 6 vols., 8vo., with an 

 atlas in 4to. (Paris, 1805). 



VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS, a Roman histo- 

 rian, who lived in the fourth century, was the son 

 of humble parents, and did not enjoy the benefit of 

 a learned education. The place of his birth is not 

 known; but, however obscure his origin, he p<- 

 sessed talents which procured him the highest ho- 

 nours. In the year 361, the emperor Julian ap- 

 pointed him prefect of Pannonia ; and, a long time 

 afterwards, he was prefect of Rome, and, in the 

 year 369, consul with Valentinian. He appears to 

 have lived till towards the end of the fourth cen- 

 tury. The following works are extant under his 

 name : Origo Gentis Romance ; De Viris illustribun 

 Urbis Roma; De Ctftaribus Historia ab Au</ux/ 

 Octavio usque ad Consulatum decimum Constantii 

 Augusti et Juliani Cttsaris tertium ; De Vita et 

 Moribus Imperatorum Romanorum Excerpta, e Ca- 

 sare Augusto usque ad Theodosium Imperatorem. It 

 is thought that the work De Casaribus Historia 

 can alone be ascribed with certainty to Aurelius. 

 The first edition of Aurelius Victor was printed at 

 Antwerp, 1579, with notes by Schottus. There 

 are several other good editions, of which the latest 

 is the Bipont of 1789. 



VICTOR AMADEUS II. See Sardinia. 



VICTOR EMANUEL I. See Sardinia, and 

 Piedmontese Revolution. 



VICTORIA (with the Greeks, Nike} ; goddess 

 of victory. She was a daughter of the Titan Pal- 

 las and Styx, and a sister of Zelos, Cratos, and Bia 

 (Courage, Strength, Power). She is generally re- 

 presented with wings, a laurel on her head, and a 

 palm branch in her hand. 



VICTORIA, ALEXANDRINA, Queen of Great 

 Britain, was born at Kensington palace, May 24, 

 1819, and is the daughter of the duke of Kent, by 

 the princess-dowager of Leiningen, a sister of 

 Leopold king of Belgium. She succeeded to the 

 throne on the death of William IV., 20th June, 

 1837 ; was proclaimed in the metropolis on the 22d 

 of the same month ; and crowned in Westminster 

 Abbey, on the 27th of June, 1838. Fivat Regina ! 



The fallowing exhibit* the Lineal Descent of her Majetty Qtmen 



I'ictoriafrom William the Conqueror. 

 A.D. 



1066 William I. 



1100 Henry I. 



Matilda, Empress of Germany. 

 1154 Henry II. 



1199 John. 



1216 Heury III. 



1272 Edward I. 



1307 Edward II. 



1327 Edward III. 



Lionel, Duke of Clarence. 



Phillippa, Countess of March. 



Roger, Earl of March. 



Anne, Countess of Cambridge. 



Kichard, Duke of York. 

 1461 Vdward IV. 



Elizabeth, Queen of Henry VI I. 



Margaret, Queen of James IV. of Scut land. 



James V. of Scotland. 



Mary, Queen of Scots. 

 1603 James 1. 



Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia. 

 Sophia, Electress of Hanover. 



1714 George I. 

 1727 George II. 



Frederic. Prince of Wales. 

 1760 George III. 



Edward, Uuke of Kent. 

 1837 VICTORIA. 



The Queen being twenty-seventh in regular descent 





