WARBURTON WARP. 



877 



church. His first work, consisting of Miscellaneous 

 Translations, in Prose and Verse, from Roman 

 authors, was published with a Latin dedication to 

 Sir George Sutton, who, in 1726, bestowed on him 

 a small vicarage. Shortly after, he visited London, 

 and formed an acquaintance with some of the in- 

 ferior wits of that period, among whom was Theo- 

 bald, then engaged on an edition of Shakspeare, to 

 which Warburton became a contributor. In 1727, 

 he began to distinguish himself as an original writer 

 by his inquiry into the Causes of Prodigies and 

 Miracles, which he dedicated to Sir Robert Sutton, 

 through whose interest he was placed in the list of 

 the king's masters of arts, on his majesty's visit to 

 Cambridge, in 1728 ; and he thus supplied the want 

 of an academical education. His patron also pre- 

 sented him to the rectory of Brand Broughton, in 

 Lincolnshire, where be remained several years, dur- 

 ing which he composed most of those works which 

 contributed to the establishment of his fame. In 

 1736, appeared his Alliance between Church and 

 State, or the Necessity and Equity of an establish- 

 ed Religion and Text Law, which passed through 

 four editions during the life of the author, though 

 it is said to have given satisfaction neither to the 

 zealots of the church nor to the advocates for re- 

 ligious liberty. The first volume of his chief work 

 was published, in 1738, under the title of the Di- 

 vine Legation of Moses demonstrated on the Prin- 

 ciples of a Religious Deist, from the Omission of 

 the Doctrine of a Future State of Rewards and 

 Punishments in the Jewish Dispensation. This 

 paradoxical performance met with adversaries 

 among all parties, who concurred in criticising and 

 censuring the theory on which it is founded. Un- 

 dismayed by animadversion, he published a Vindica- 

 tion of his opinions, and persevered in the prosecu- 

 tion of his work. Having published, in the literary 

 journal called the Works of the Learned, in 1739 

 and 1740, a defence of the Essay on Man, against 

 the remarks of De Crousaz of Geneva, Pope ac- 

 knowledged his obligations to his advocate, and an 

 intimacy ensued between them. On his death, in 

 1744, Pope bequeathed to our author half his lib- 

 rary, and the copy-right of such of his works already 

 printed as were not otherwise disposed of. Among 

 the numerous antagonists of Warburton and his 

 Divine Legation, were doctors Middleton, Pococke, 

 R. Grey, Sykes and Stebbing, against whom he 

 published, in 1744 and 1745, two defences, in which 

 he treats all his opponents, except Middleton, with 

 a high degree of asperity and self-confidence. He 

 became, in 1746, preacher to the society of Lin- 

 coln's inn ; and, in the following year, he appeared 

 as the editor of Shakspeare. He now rapidly ad- 

 vanced in the course of preferment in his profession, 

 becoming prebend of Gloucester in 1753, king's 

 chaplain in ordinary in 1754, then prebend of Dur- 

 ham, D.D. by archiepiscopal mandate, dean of Bris- 

 tol in 1757, and, two years after, bishop of Glou- 

 cester. The fifth volume of the Divine Legation 

 was published in 1765; and some remarks which 

 he introduced on the character of doctor W. Lowth, 

 father of the bishop of London, involved him in a 

 new controversy, in which he was assisted by doctor 

 Richard Hurd. In 1768, he established a lecture 

 at Lincoln's inn, on the evidence in favour of 

 Christianity from the prophecies of the Old and 

 New Testament. The last years of his life were 

 embittered by the decease of an only son, who fell 

 a victim to consumption at the age of nineteen. 

 Bishop Warburton died at Gloucester, June 7, 



1779, and was interred in the cathedral church; 

 where a monument was erected to his memory. 

 His works were collected and published by his 

 friend Bishop Hurd, in 1788 (6 vols., 4to.) ; and a 

 biographical memoir, forming a seventh volume, 

 appeared several years after. Doctor Johnson in 

 his Life of Pope says of Warburton, " He was a 

 man of vigorous faculties, a mind fervid and vehe- 

 ment, supplied, by incessant and unlimited inquiry, 

 with wonderful extent and variety of knowledge, 

 which yet had not oppressed his imagination, nor 

 clouded his perspicuity. To every work he brought 

 a memory full fraught, together with a fancy fertile 

 of original combinations, and at once exerted the 

 powers of the scholar, the reasoner, and the wit. 

 But his knowledge was too multifarious to be al- 

 ways exact, and his pursuits were too eager to be 

 always cautious. His abilities gave him a haughty 

 consequence, which he disdained to correct or mol- 

 lify ; and his impatience of opposition disposed him 

 to treat his adversaries with contemptuous superi- 

 ority as made his readers commonly his enemies, 

 and excited against the advocate some who favoured 

 the cause. He seems to have adopted the Roman 

 emperor's determination, Oderint dum metuant. He 

 used no allurements of gentle language, but wished 

 to compel rather than to persuade. His style is 

 copious without selection, and forcible without 

 neatness ; he took the words that presented them- 

 selves ; his diction is coarse and impure, and his 

 sentences are unmeasured." 



WAREHAM ; a market town and borough of 

 England, in Dorsetshire, near the mouth of the 

 Frome. By the reform act of 1832, it was deprived 

 of one of its members of parliament. Population 

 in 1841, 2746. 



WARENDORF, on the Ems ; a Prussian town 

 in the government of Munster, and province of 

 Westphalia, with 4200 inhabitants. Above 16,000 

 pieces of linen (or 900,000 ells) are woven by the 

 peasants of the environs in winter, when they can- 

 not work in the fields. 



WARHAM, WILLIAM, an English prelate and 

 statesman of the sixteenth century, was a native of 

 Hampshire, and was educated at Winchester school 

 and Oxford, and he obtained a fellowship in 1475. 

 He subsequently practised as an 'advocate in the 

 court of arches, and, after an embassy to Burgundy 

 was appointed chancellor of Wells, and master of 

 the rolls. Henry VII. at length raised him to the 

 dignity of Lord chancellor; and he successively be- 

 came bishop of London and archbishop of Canter- 

 bury. He was one of the early patrons of Wolsey, 

 whose influence under Henry VIII. gave umbrage 

 to Warham ; and in 1515, he resigned the great 

 seal, and at length withdrew his attention altoge- 

 ther from affairs of state. He died in 1532. This 

 prelate was noted as an encourager of learning, and 

 was the friend and patron of the celebrated Eras- 

 mus. 



WARMBRUNN (also called Warmbad} ; a wa- 

 tering place in Silesia, a league from Hirschberg, 

 1077 feet above the sea, in a romantic situation. 

 In contains 1900 inhabitants. The warm springs 

 are much resorted to for the cure of gout, rheuma- 

 tism, obstructions, cutaneous eruptions, &c. The 

 environs are romantic. 



WARNEFRIDUS. See Paul the Deacon. 



WARP, in manufactures, is the threads, whether 

 of silk, woollen, hemp, &c., that are extended 

 lengthwise on a weaver's loom, across which the 

 workman, by means of his shuttle, passes the threads 



