4-64 



ELY-ENGRAVING. 



nor extensive; thcie are some potteries, and seve- 

 ral oil mills. Gardening is pursued generally and 

 prosperously ; nearly twenty acres of land, in the 

 two JKiri-hc-, are appropriated to the growth of 

 that delicate vegetable, asparagus, much of which 

 is despatched to the London market; and by means 

 of the river Ouse a considerable trade is carried on 

 in corn and coal. The government of the town is 

 vested in magistrates who are appointed by the 

 bishop ; they are five clerical and one lay, and are 

 justices of peace within the isle one of these ex- 

 ercises the duties of high sheriff. Assizes are held 

 twice a year. 



The most attractive object of Ely is its cathe- 

 dral. A convent is said to have been built here 

 about the year 673 by Ethelfreda, a daughter of 

 one of the kings of east Anglia, and a famous saint 

 of those days. It is supposed that remains of the 

 sacred edifices then erected still exist in some of 

 the prebendal houses in the neighbourhood of the 

 present cathedral. It was not till the year 1 109 

 that the bishopric of Ely was established ; but the 

 present church, which was then converted into a 

 cathedral, or rather the original building of which 

 the present church is an extension, had pro- 

 bably been founded some time before that event. 

 Little, however, if any thing, beyond perhaps a 

 portion of the foundation of the ancient abbey- 

 church, remains in the present building. The 

 oldest part of the cathedral is the transept, which 

 appears to be of the early part of the twelfth cen- 

 tury. The rest has been the work of successive 

 ages. The nave is ascertained to have been finished 

 some time before the year 1174. The whole wears 

 the heavy features of the early Norman style. Be- 

 tween 1174 and 1189 the great western tower was 

 erected by bishop Rydel. Its massive proportions 

 still indicate the prevalence of the old idea of firm- 

 ness and breadth as the principles of architectural 

 effect ; but the lighter and more ornamental character 

 of the upper part of it, composed of successive tiers 

 of small columns, and freely admitting the light 

 through numerous windows, shows the change that 

 was even then rapidly coming over the art. The 

 elegant vestibule projecting from the line of the 

 front, and formerly known by the name of the 

 Galilee, was added about the close of the same cen- 

 tury by bishop Eustachius. 



The part of the church to the east of the tran- 

 sept was begun by bishop Hugh Northwold about 

 1234, and finished in 1250. During this interval 

 also the present central tower was erected by the 

 sub-prior of the convent, Alan de Walsingham, in 

 the room of a former square-shaped tower, which 

 had fallen on the 12th of February, 1322. The 

 three most westerly arches of the nave had also 

 been thrown down by this accident ; and they too 

 were restored by the liberality of the sub-prior. 

 His expenditure upon the whole work was 2406 

 4s. lid. The part of the cathedral immediately 

 to the east of the central tower, which was origi- 

 nally called the presbytery, is now fitted up as the 

 choir ; but this is an alteration which was only 

 made about the middle of the last century. The 

 choir was formerly immediately under the tower. 

 The interior of Ely cathedral is very magnificent. 

 The vaulted roof of the nave is sixty feet from the 

 floor, and now that the presbytery, or east end of 

 the church, by being converted into the choir, has 

 been added to the vista from the west end, an ex- 

 tent of prospect is produced corresponding to this 

 altitude. Much of the tracery and other sculpture 



on the windows and pillars is also exceedingly ricb 

 and beautiful. In the great window of the east 

 end of the church there is a painting of St Peter ; 

 and the delivery of the same apostle from prison by 

 the angel is the subject of an old Italian painting, 

 which has been considered to have much merit, 

 over the altar. Various tombs and monumental 

 chapels adorn different parts of the church. 

 EMIGRATION, (a.) 



Account of the Number of Emigrants, specifying the Count fin 

 whence they catne, and the. Numbers from each, that . 

 at Quebec during thf Seven Yean en'tiag with 1835 

 (Parl. Paper, Ao. 76, Sen. 1836.) 



Account of the Number of Emigrant* arrired at New York 

 from the United Kingdom, separating between thote from 

 England, Scut/and, and Ireland, during the Seven Yean 

 ending with 1835. (Parl. Paper, ut supra.) 



Return of the Number of Emigrants from the United Kingdom 

 in 1833, 1834, and 1835, ipecifying the Colonies and Countries 

 for which they cleared out, and the Numbers that cleared 

 out for each. (Parl. Paper, ut supra.) 



Total Number of Emigrants, in 1833, 62,527 in 1834, 76,222 

 in 1835, 44,488. 



ENGRAVING, (a.) It is nearly four centuries 

 since the art of Engraving was discovered, and a 

 steady improvement may be discerned from that 

 time up to the present day. The nineteenth cen- 

 tury is rich in the productions of this beautiful 

 branch of the fine arts. From every civilized land 

 volumes are annually poured forth, illustrated and 

 adorned in a manner which does indeed make anti- 

 quity appear rude. Men of genius are devoting 

 themselves to the practice of the art, and do not 

 disdain to perpetuate and spread over the world, 

 by the burine, the inspired design which their pen- 

 cil has traced. The noble works of the great mas- 



