492 



GLAMORGANSHIRE GLASTONBURY. 



for Scotland. In 1794, he married. He continued 

 his literary industry to a late period of life. The 

 infirmities of age showed themselves principally 

 in the weakness of the lower limbs, which made it 

 dangerous to pursue his accustomed walks in 

 crowded streets. Finding himself contented with 

 domestic comfort, he retired altogether from the 

 world, and settled at Clapham in the year 1830, 

 where he died on the 15th Feb. 1836. 



The following is a list of the work^ of Dr Gil- 

 lies: Orations of Isocrates and those of Lysias, 

 translated; with some account of their lives, and a 

 discourse on the history, manners, and character of 

 the Greeks, from the conclusion of the Pelopo- 

 nesian war to the battle of Chaeronea. 1778, 4to. 

 History of Ancient Greece, its colonies and con- 

 quests, from the earliest times till the division of 

 the Macedonian Empire in the East ; including the 

 history of philosophy, literature, and the fine arts. 

 1786, two vols. 4to. and four vols. 8vo. View of 

 the reign of Frederic II., of Prussia, with a par- 

 allel between that Prince and Philip II., of Mace- 

 don. 1789, 8vo. Aristotle's Ethics and Politics, 

 comprising his practical philosophy, translated from 

 the Greek ; with notes, the critical history of his 

 life, and a new analysis of his speculative works. 

 1797, two vols. 4to. Second edition, 1804, two 

 vols. 8vo. Supplement to the Analysis of Aris- 

 totle's Speculative Works. 1804, 4to. History of 

 the World from Alexander to Augustus, 1807-10, 

 two vols. 4to. Translation of Aristotle's Rhe- 

 toric. 1823. 



GLAMORGANSHIRE; a county of South 

 Wales, extending from east to west forty-eight 

 miles, and from north to south, twenty-seven. It 

 has one city, Llandaff; one county-town, Cardiff; 

 is divided into ten hundreds, viz., Caerphilly, Cow- 

 bridge, Dinas-Powis, Kibber, Langwelach, Miskin, 

 Neath, Newcastle, Ogmore and Swansea, and into 

 118 parishes. It returns two members to parlia- 

 ment, who are polled at Bridgend, Cardiff, Swan- 

 sea, Neath, Merthyr-Tydvil. The north and north- 

 east parts of the county are mostly barren and 

 mountainous ; the southern portion, on the other 

 hand, is level and fertile. In the fine plain ex- 

 panding from the foot of the mountains on the 

 north to the Bristol channel on the south and 

 south-west, known by the name of the Vale of 

 Glamorgan, and extending the whole length of the 

 county. The soil is deep and rich, and the salu- 

 brious temperature of the climate is such that the 

 families of myrtles, magnolios, and other delicate 

 plants, not only live but thrive in the open air. 

 Here agriculture is practised upon the most ap- 

 proved principles, and the abundant produce of 

 every description has procured for it the appella- 

 tion of " the Garden of Wales." This valley, 

 which is in many places from eight to eighteen 

 miles in breadth, is divided from nearly one end to 

 the other by the great post road from London to 

 Milford. Passing along this road the traveller en- 

 joys some of the most extensive and picturesque 

 views that are to be met with in the whole island. 

 The rivers of the county are the Rumney, the 

 Taaf, the Ogmore, the Neath, the Tavy, the Avon, 

 the Llanry, the Ewenny, and the Loughor. All 

 of them have a southerly course, and several of 

 them have their sources among the mountains of 

 Brecon. The coast has a fine semi-circular sweep 

 nearly the whole length of the county, the west- 

 ern point of which is formed into a peninsula by an 

 arm of the sea running up towards Carmarthen, 



forming an estuary at the mouth of the Barry 

 river. Over a fine sandy beach the limestone 

 rocks in many places swell into perpendicular cliffs 

 of great boldness, exhibiting many organic remains, 

 and worn in many places into deep and lofty 

 caverns. The canals of the county are the Gla- 

 morganshire canal, which extends from Mertliyr- 

 Tydvil to Cardiff, a distance of twenty-five miles. 

 The Aberdare navigation unites with this canal at 

 New-Bridge, and that again, by the Aberdare rail- 

 way, is connected with the Neath canal, thus unit- 

 ing Cardiff, Merthyr-Tydvil, and all the interven- 

 ing country with the noble bay of Swansea. 

 Another canal, running parallel to the river Neath, 

 connects the bay of Swansea with the distant and 

 rugged hills of Brecon. The mineral wealth of 

 the county consists principally of coal of various 

 kinds, lime-stone, possessed of peculiar qualities, 

 and iron-stone. Lying frequently at small depths 

 from the surface, and frequently jutting out from 

 the sides of the hills, these minerals are raised here 

 with less expense than in most other places of the 

 kingdom. The whole valuable mineral of the 

 county, especially the southern part of it, rests on 

 a bed of lime-stone. The most plentiful kind of 

 this lime, though not the best for the purpose of 

 building, is well adapted, from its extreme white- 

 ness, for white-washing, and from its other quali- 

 ties for manure; vast quantities are exported across 

 the channel into Somerset, besides what is sent 

 round the coast to other places in Wales. One 

 kind of lime here possesses the property of harden- 

 ing under water, which renders it highly valuable 

 as a sub-marine cement. Beneath the limestone, 

 are found beds of red earth resembling tripoli, and 

 in this earth are found beds of gypsum, the finest 

 yet discovered in Britain. In the white limestone 

 lead-ore, calamine, manganese, and copper have 

 also been discovered though in small quantities. 

 Coal, which is of still more importance, seems to 

 be equally universal in its diffusion, and with iron- 

 stone, which is also abundant, forms the great sta- 

 ple of the county. Of the former much is ex- 

 ported, and a vast quantity is more profitably em- 

 ployed in the immense smelting establishments of 

 Merthyr-Tydvil, Neath, Swansea, Aberdare, and 

 Abernant. The works at the former of these 

 places, which are among the most extensive in 

 Europe, are all iron-works, of which the material 

 is dug up in the neighbourhood ; but in different 

 places, particularly Neath and Swansea, there are 

 large establishments for the smelting of copper, the 

 ore of which is imported from Ireland, Cornwall, 

 and North Wales; lead is also brought hither for 

 smelting in large quantities. Tin-plate is also 

 manufactured to a large extent in some places, 

 particularly at Merlin-Gruffyd, the tin being im- 

 ported from Cornwall. Flags and marble form 

 also articles of exportation, and give employment 

 in cutting and polishing to a number of the in. 

 habitants. Population of the county in 1841, 

 171,188. 



GLASTONBURY; a market-town of Somer- 

 setshire, situated nearly in the centre of the county, 

 distant from London 124 miles W.S.W. It con- 

 sists of two streets crossing each other nearly in 

 the direction of the cardinal points, and many of 

 the houses are built with stones taken from the 

 ruins of its celebrated abbey. The foundation of 

 this abbey is ascribed to Joseph of Arimathea, and 

 Glastonbury is said to have been the place where 

 the first Christian church was planted. "This 



